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Educational Codeforces Round 131 Editorial
By awoo, history, 2 years ago, translation, In English

1701A - Grass Field

Idea: BledDest

Tutorial
Solution (vovuh)

1701B - Permutation

Idea: BledDest

Tutorial
Solution (Neon)

1701C - Schedule Management

Idea: BledDest

Tutorial
Solution (awoo)

1701D - Permutation Restoration

Idea: BledDest

Tutorial
Solution (Neon)

1701E - Text Editor

Idea: vovuh

Tutorial
Solution (vovuh)

1701F - Points

Idea: BledDest

Tutorial
Solution (BledDest)
  • Vote: I like it
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  • Vote: I do not like it

Comments Comments (38)
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2 years ago, # |
← Rev. 2   Vote: I like it +13 Vote: I do not like it

Please make more rounds like this one, they make me feel a bit better about myself

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    2 years ago, # ^ |
    ← Rev. 2   Vote: I like it +42 Vote: I do not like it
    Me too
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    2 years ago, # ^ |
      Vote: I like it -43 Vote: I do not like it

    Please No more binary search :(. I'm bad at identifying binary search in the wild. If someone suggests me to use binary search then I'm able to solve the problem easily but when I encounter them in the wild they ravish me. Any suggestion on how to handle them?

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    2 years ago, # ^ |
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    ye, me too. i just love the concept behind each problem :3

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2 years ago, # |
← Rev. 2   Vote: I like it +19 Vote: I do not like it

can someone explain the idea of problem E with DP pls, I've seen many solutions with an array like f[N][3] or f[N][N][3], can anyone explain the approach pls.

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    2 years ago, # ^ |
      Vote: I like it +95 Vote: I do not like it

    (sorry if this is a bit long/confusing, I'm not the most experienced at explaining)

    First off, imagine choosing some subset of the letters in $$$s$$$ that form $$$t$$$: for example if $$$s$$$ is zzzabczzz and $$$t$$$ is abc, then the abc is useful but all the zs are useless fluff.

    Then you want to delete all the fluff. Here's one approach: first, you delete fluff from the end of the string until you come to useful letters. Then, you iterate past the useful letters, until you come to more fluff to delete. Repeat until all the fluff is gone.

    This may not always be optimal, for example if $$$s$$$ is zaaaa and $$$t$$$ is aaaa: then you want to go to the start, go forward, and delete the singular z.

    When you're deleting fluff from the back, it takes $$$1$$$ operation to iterate past useful letters and $$$1$$$ operation to delete the fluff. When you delete fluff from the beginning, it takes $$$1$$$ operation to iterate past useful letters, but $$$2$$$ operations to delete fluff (you need to iterate forward then delete).

    Then, the optimal solution will look something like this: there is some prefix (possibly empty) of the string where you've deleted from the beginning, then some contiguous segment of useful letters you haven't iterated over, and finally, some suffix of the string where you've deleted from the end.

    If the prefix isn't empty, then it needs $$$2x+y+1$$$ operations, where $$$x$$$ is the number of fluff characters in the prefix, and $$$y$$$ is the number of useful characters. Otherwise it takes $$$0$$$ operations.

    Next, the contiguous segment of useful letters, this takes $$$0$$$ operations since you don't iterate over it at all.

    Finally, for the suffix, it takes $$$x+y$$$ operations.

    At least in my solution, the dp[3][N] was something like this: 0 for the prefix, 1 for the contiguous segment, and 2 for the suffix. The transitions were somewhat tedious to implement but fairly straightforward.

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      2 years ago, # ^ |
        Vote: I like it +12 Vote: I do not like it

      Thanks! P/S : It's a very nice explanation.

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2 years ago, # |
  Vote: I like it +1 Vote: I do not like it

I really liked problem E, the solution is very interesting for me(also like a problem)

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2 years ago, # |
← Rev. 2   Vote: I like it 0 Vote: I do not like it

In the problem E's editorial while calculating the answer for prefix, the substring notations used were t[0;m-suf] and s[0;n-pos], then acc to editorial we have to build the z-function on $$$s[0;pos)^{-1}$$$ + # + $$$t^{-1}$$$, shouldn't it be n-pos instead of pos?

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    2 years ago, # ^ |
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    Yeah, this is a typo. It should be $$$s[0; pos)$$$ and $$$t[0; m - suf)$$$. Thanks.

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      2 years ago, # ^ |
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      In the second para there is a typo I guess then, the suffixes rather being $$$s[n-pos,n)$$$ and $$$t[m-suf,suf)$$$, shouldn't it be $$$s[pos,n)$$$ instead ? I am confused about pos, is it assumed as a forward iterator or a backward iterator?

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        2 years ago, # ^ |
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        Yeah, it is $$$s[pos; n)$$$. Forgot to fix that along with previous typos.

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2 years ago, # |
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Video Solutions of Problem C and Problem D.

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2 years ago, # |
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Btw F can be solved using SQRT decomposition on queries in $$$O(NsqrtN)$$$

submission

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2 years ago, # |
  Vote: I like it +33 Vote: I do not like it

One way of doing F without storing $$$f(i)^2$$$ would be to observe that $$$\frac{(f(i)+1)f(i)}{2} - \frac{f(i)(f(i)-1)}{2} = f(i)$$$. In other words, if a point is added in its range, the change in its contribution to the answer is simply $$$f(i)$$$. Thus, for each point $$$i$$$, we can store only two values: whether it is currently in the set, and what its value of $$$f(i)$$$ is.

To change the answer when a point $$$j$$$ is added, it suffices to query the sum of $$$f(i)$$$ over the interval $$$[j-d,j)$$$ and to calculate the value of $$$f(j)$$$ itself by querying how many points in $$$(j,j+d]$$$ are in the set. Removing a point works similarly.

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2 years ago, # |
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I have a solution to problem C in linear time.163331694

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2 years ago, # |
← Rev. 3   Vote: I like it +40 Vote: I do not like it

There's an $$$\mathrm{O}(q\log q)$$$ solution for Problem F with balanced search trees (Splay, Treap, etc).

We may consider new/deleted beautiful triples when point $$$x$$$ is added/deleted from the set as three parts, in which:

  • $$$x$$$ is treated as the right endpoint;
  • $$$x$$$ is treated as the left endpoint;
  • $$$x$$$ is caught in the middle.

It's quite simple to calculate the first two types, since we may find the number of $$$y$$$'s that satisfy $$$y \in (x-d, x)$$$ or $$$y \in(x, x+d)$$$, then add two arithmetic progressions of common difference $$$1$$$. But we find it not very easy to add the number of type 3 triples instantly. So it's necessary to maintain 'if we add/delete point $$$x$$$ from the set, the number of $$$x$$$-as-the-middle triples being added/deleted' in some way.

Let's discuss how many triples will turn invalid when we remove a point from the set. One may notice that if we're adding $$$x$$$ to the set $$$S$$$, then for each $$$y \in S, y \in (x-d, x)$$$, for every point $$$z$$$ satisfying $$$z \in [x-d, y), z \in S$$$, $$$(z, y, x)$$$ will be a new beautiful triple in which $$$y$$$ sandwiching in between $$$x, z$$$. Let $$$c_y$$$ be the number of such $$$z$$$'s for each $$$y$$$. Obviously if we consider all valid $$$y$$$'s in increasing order (denoting $$$x-d<y_1<y_2<\cdots<y_k<x$$$), then $$$c_{y_i}=i-1$$$. It's similar for $$$y \in (x, x+d)$$$. Thus we may maintain set $$$S$$$ with a binary search tree, and add arithmetic progressions on a specific segment — which is a classic trick — when adding an element to $$$S$$$. Once we want to remove a point $$$x$$$ from the set, substract the number of first 2 types along with the count of type 3 triples from the answer, which we've stored on the BST. Also, its deletion will lead to a negative contribution of $$$c_{y_i}$$$ for all valid $$$y$$$'s mentioned above, so don't forget to add the opposite number of a progression on the BST maintaining $$$S$$$.

The next part is considering 'if $$$x$$$ is not in the set, how many $$$x$$$-in-the-middle triples will turn valid after adding it'. Suppose we're adding $$$x$$$ to the set $$$S$$$. We still consider $$$x-d<y_1<y_2<\cdots<x$$$; then for each $$$i \in \lbrace{1,2,\cdots,k-1}\rbrace$$$, for all $$$z \in (y_i,y_{i+1})$$$, $$$(y_j,z,x), j \in \lbrace{1,2,\cdots,i}\rbrace$$$ will be new beautiful $$$z$$$-in-the-middle triples if $$$z$$$ is added after $$$x$$$. It's obvious that for all $$$z$$$ in the same segment whose endpoints are adjacent $$$y$$$'s, the numbers of potential new valid triples are the same. Similarly, for each segment, the sequence of new potential valid triples is an arithmetic progression of common difference $$$1$$$. Thus we may use another BST to maintain all segments $$$(l,r), l\in S, r\in S, \nexists p \in S, p \in (l,r)$$$ and proceed the sum of progressions. If we want to add $$$x$$$ to set $$$S$$$, then add the sum of contributions of type 1 & 2 triples and the segment's to the answer, split the segment it belongs to to two (empty segments should be preserved), and do operations above.

When removing $$$x$$$ from $$$S$$$, we may first add the opposite number of contributions of $$$x$$$ on two BST. What about merging two segments on the second BST? Do they have the same potential new triples after $$$x$$$ is deleted? The answer is YES. Apparently, for $$$x,y$$$ in segment $$$(l, r)$$$, if $$$(p, x, q), p\leq l, q \geq r$$$ is a valid potential triple, so does $$$(p, y, q)$$$ and vice versa. So it's ok to set the contribution of new $$$(l, r)$$$ (in which $$$x$$$ has just been removed) as $$$(l, x)$$$'s.

A careful and efficient implementation is required for this solution. Submission #163416351

Sorry for any grammar/vocabulary mistakes above.

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2 years ago, # |
← Rev. 5   Vote: I like it +1 Vote: I do not like it

anyone please tell me why i am getting TLE on test case 4 in problem C . 163421348

edit — the problem accepted when i used priorty_queue instead of multiset 163422803

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    2 years ago, # ^ |
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    The problem is in the method 'findMax' and 'findMin' you are copying the entire data structure each time the method is calling.

    int findMin(multiset my_set) this means that the first argument will be copied, so in the worst scenario it will copy a huge data structure each time.

    The solution is this add '&' before the identifier of the argument: int findMin(multiset &my_set), now the multiset won't be copied.

    There are two ways to pass an argument, by reference or by coping the entire argument.

    This is your solution only adding '&' in those two methods: https://codeforces.me/contest/1701/submission/163423017

    I hope this could help, greeting bro

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2 years ago, # |
← Rev. 2   Vote: I like it 0 Vote: I do not like it

Let's calculate value of $$$\sum f(i)$$$ in every node (it's simple). If we know this sum, we can restore value of $$$\sum f^2(i) - f(i)$$$. Let's say, we already somehow calculate it after some query: $$$F(i) = \sum f^2(i) - f(i)$$$.

If we add $$$k$$$ to all $$$f(i)$$$ we need to update our $$$F(i)$$$ value. Now the right value must be equal to $$$\sum (f(i) + k)^2 - (f(i) + k)=\sum f^2(i) + k^2 + 2 \cdot kf(i) - (f(i) + k)=\sum f^2(i) - f(i) + \sum k^2 + 2 \cdot kf(i) -k$$$.

$$$\sum f^2(i) - f(i)$$$ we already know, it is $$$F(i)$$$. Let's find $$$\sum k^2 + 2 \cdot kf(i) - k$$$. Value of $$$\sum 2 \cdot k f(i)$$$ we know too, because we store value of $$$\sum f(i)$$$ in every node. Value of $$$\sum k^2 - k$$$ we can calculate if we know how many points are now "active" in our node.

So now we get $$$F(i) = F(i) + 2 \cdot k \cdot \sum f(i) + cnt \cdot (k^2 - k)$$$; $$$f(i) = f(i) + cnt \cdot k$$$, where $$$cnt$$$ equals to number of active points.

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2 years ago, # |
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good round

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2 years ago, # |
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In Problem 2, whats the difference between these two codes ?? Wrong Code- void solve() { int n;cin>>n: cout<<2<<endl;//d will be always 2

for(int i=1;i<(n+1);i++){
    if(i%2==1){
       cout<<i<<" ";
       while(i*2<=n){
         cout<<i*2<<" ";
       }
    }
    else continue;
}
cout<<endl;

}

Right Code- void solve() { int n;cin>>n; cout<<2<<endl;//d will be always 2

for(int i=1;i<(n+1);i++){
    if(i%2==1){
       int j=i;
       while(j<=n){
         cout<<j<<" ";
         j*=2;
       }
    }
}
cout<<endl;

}

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    2 years ago, # ^ |
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    You are not updating value of i
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2 years ago, # |
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In problem D, sweep line is not needed. Simply sorting the range in increasing order of ending point is enough. AC code: https://codeforces.me/contest/1701/submission/163624301

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    2 years ago, # ^ |
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    Why increasing order of end point and not increasing order of starting point?

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      2 years ago, # ^ |
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      You should sort in increasing order of end point because let's say if at a point there are multiple points to choose from then choosing the one which ends later may make it possible to make an answer. For example, consider the ranges [1,2],[2,2],[1,3]

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2 years ago, # |
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It would be nice if you added some comments to the solution code for F.

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23 months ago, # |
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Problem C is quite similar to 781C — Tree Infection, and can similarly be solved by simply simulating the entire process.

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18 months ago, # |
← Rev. 2   Vote: I like it 0 Vote: I do not like it

Alternative solution for C:

We just simulate the whole process, second by second. We always try to allocate the current task to the most efficient worker. If there are any free workers (they do not have any more good tasks for them), then we have to take a task from the worker with the most tasks. This suggests that we need to use a treeset for fast insert / delete in log(n) time.

The code goes like this: while we have tasks remaining, we let all the busy workers do their task first, then for the free workers, we transfer the task from the worker with the most tasks to it.

We notice that to make the free worker do a task for 2 seconds, we just skip their turn and transfer the task from the busy worker to the free worker. So the next moment that same worker will be busy and will do the task.

Submission: https://codeforces.me/contest/1701/submission/207853000

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    14 months ago, # ^ |
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    thanks, i have the same approach and been debugging my code since like 5 hours now, finally found what's wrong in my code by looking at yours ^_^

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    12 months ago, # ^ |
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    And how does one prove that it is optimal to assign the workers(that do not have any good tasks for them) to go help the worker with the maximum number of remaining tasks ?

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      12 months ago, # ^ |
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      Suppose not, then it means that a worker helps someone with less than max number of remaining tasks x. Then, we did not change the worst case timing of x when we could have done so by making worker i help worker x. Thus there is a contradiction for optimality.

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        12 months ago, # ^ |
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        Okay. I think I get it. It's amazing you could recall your solution/reasoning from a 6month old problem. Thanks a lot.

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