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By awoo, history, 4 years ago, translation, In English

1359A - Berland Poker

Idea: BledDest

Tutorial
Solution 1 (BledDest)
Solution 2 (BledDest)

1359B - New Theatre Square

Idea: BledDest

Tutorial
Solution (pikmike)

1359C - Mixing Water

Idea: adedalic

Tutorial
Solution (pikmike)

1359D - Yet Another Yet Another Task

Idea: BledDest

Tutorial
Solution (pikmike)

1359E - Modular Stability

Idea: BledDest

Tutorial
Solution (BledDest)

1359F - RC Kaboom Show

Idea: BledDest

Tutorial
Solution (pikmike)
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4 years ago, # |
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How to solve problem D if the value of the array is much bigger ?

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    4 years ago, # ^ |
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    Refer this thread.

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    4 years ago, # ^ |
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    You can precompute for each element of the array, the segment that he is the maximum element, this can be done with a stack, finding the rightmost element which is greater than ai and its from 1 to i-1 for each i and then do the dame for the right, then in this interval, for each you need to find the smallest prefix sum un the range from ci to i (here ci is the rightmost element in the left which is greater than ai) and the maximum prefix sum from i to di (here di is the leftmost element in the right which is greater than ai), and the optimal range which its maximum is ai will be this range, the maximum and minimum prefix sums can be computed with segment tree in nlogn. Sorry for my poor english.

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      4 years ago, # ^ |
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      here's an implementation for problem D using this approach: 81753071

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      4 years ago, # ^ |
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      I did till finding the max and element at both sides but I couldn't find maximum prefix sum. I was wondering if there is anything better to find prefix sums. And then I came across your comment about segment trees. This is so awesome. Now I know what segment trees can do. Just learning them without any need would be boring. Now I have a need. Thanks Man

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      11 months ago, # ^ |
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      How to solve problem D with more MAX (sum — (k maximum element in range))?

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    4 years ago, # ^ |
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    Well, maybe I can try. Let's fix an index i. We need find the minimum left index L and maximum right index R such that left maximum number in the range [L, R] be a[i]. How can we do this? Use binary search on index with range maximum query. Complexity for this would be O(n (log n)^2).
    Then, at the particular index l in [L, i] and r in [i, R], such that the ans for the fixed i be maximum. Now, notice the following observation. l would be the index in [L, i] such that suffix sum till index l is maximum. Similarly, r would be in the range [i, R] such that prefix sum till r be the maximum. Now, we have to do range maximum query on prefix sum and suffix sum. Simple. Use segment tree once again. Complexity would be O(n log n).
    Now, after we find the index l and r, now construct the ans. ans would be suff[l] — suff[i] + pref[r] — pref[i], it's easy to find out. So, it's given on yourself.
    Now, we would do this for every i from 1 to n and update the answer.

    Yeah bro, that's it. Final complexity is O(n (log n)^2).

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    4 years ago, # ^ |
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    I calculated prefix sum as well as suffix sum. Since array was immutable, so I created sparse table for array,prefix array and suffix array.

    Then for each Index i, find the maximum subarray range that can be formed by applying binary search on sparse table of given array. After that find the maximum suffix sum in left part and maximum prefix sum in right side of that index. If the sum are positive add them.

    Here is my solution for the above approach Solution

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    4 years ago, # ^ |
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    Let's find for some position "pos" L, R that in the interval from L to R the value in position pos is the largest, then you just need to find the maximum from pos to R and the minimum from L to pos. Now the answer can be MAX (pos, R) — MIN (L, pos) — a [pos], and therefore we iterate over all positions and perform these operations at each position

    Давай найдем для какой то позиции "pos" L, R, что в интервале от L до R значение в позиции pos является наибольшим, тогда вам просто нужно найти максимум от pos до R и минимум от L до pos. Теперь ответ может быть MAX (pos, R) — MIN (L, pos) — a [pos], и поэтому мы перебираем все позиции и выполняем эти операции на каждой позиции

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4 years ago, # |
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Nice problems, waiting for F editorial, thanks for the contest :)

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4 years ago, # |
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For problem D, what is the purpose of the best variable? I don't see a correspondence between it and any variables in Kandane's (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum_subarray_problem#Kadane's_algorithm)

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    4 years ago, # ^ |
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    Best variable stores the minimum prefix sum that we have seen so far. In Kadane, at index i, the question is what is the maximum sum subarray that ends at index i. In other words, we want to find the maximum value of cur-pref where cur is the total sum of [0,i] and pref is some prefix sum of elements from [0,j] where j<i. So we want the minimum prefix sum we have seen so far in order to obtain the maximum value for cur-pref which is in our case cur-best. Then we also subtract mx as it will be removed.

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      4 years ago, # ^ |
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      Great explanation! It's really cool how the Kadane's algo can be rephrased using the prefix sum method you described. I only knew of the max / min way described on Wikipedia before :)

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      4 years ago, # ^ |
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      Sir, I kindly request you to explain why are we taking this infinity to replace a[i] if it is greater than max?

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        4 years ago, # ^ |
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        We are taking MINUS infinity. One other way of doing it is to simply consider only those intervals with all elements <= mx and ignore the ones that are greater. Then simply run Kadane on each of those intervals independently and update the answer. Setting values >mx to negative infinity has the same effect as Kadane will automatically never take those elements in a subarray (as they have minus infinity value) and this makes the code quite a bit easier to write.

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4 years ago, # |
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A note for my not so experienced companions-

In the editorial of problem E, if someone else is also having trouble understanding why the following is true,

( x mod a ) mod ( b a ) = ( x mod ( b a ) ) mod a = x mod a

Then here's why,

For ( x mod a ) mod ( b a ) = x mod a

We know that x mod a will already give us something smaller than ba so that's why mod (ba) will have no effect on it.

For ( x mod ( b a ) ) mod a = x mod a

When we do x mod (ba) we end up with something of the form x — k*(ba) (which is by definition of modulo). So we have subtracted a from x, k*b times already but the remaining x may still be big enough for more a's to be subtracted. That happens when we take its mod with a and we are ultimately left with the answer which we would have got if we had just done x mod a

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    4 years ago, # ^ |
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    other way to prove Other way to prove (x mod (ba)) mod a = x mod a since x mod (ba) = x - k*(ba) where k is some integer we can apply mod aon both sides

    `(x mod (ba)) mod a = (x-k*(ba) mod a`
    `(x mod (ba)) mod a = (x mod a - (k*b*a mod a)) mod a`
    `(x mod (ba)) mod a = (x mod a - 0) mod a`
    `(x mod (ba)) mod a = x mod a`
    
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4 years ago, # |
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How to solve Problem C with binary search..as mentioned in above..

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    4 years ago, # ^ |
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    I used a ternary search for u can refer my solution 81858123. If u have any problem understanding do ask.

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    4 years ago, # ^ |
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      4 years ago, # ^ |
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      Hey anshumankr001, Why did you take the last for loop from(max(0,l-5),l+5)... is it just to be on the safe(st) side?

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        4 years ago, # ^ |
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        I did that because, in my solution I'm breaking the loop when l == r, and using this value as the optimal value. But, in my solution if func(mid) > t I'm assigning l = mid+1. It's possible that mid was the actual optimal value but I assigned l = mid+1, and now, I'll end up with l = (optimal value) + 1. You can now judge that, my solution would've worked if I had used 1 instead of 5 too but doing that was a necessity.

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          4 years ago, # ^ |
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          Hi anshumankr001 can you please look at 81855634 once and tell me where i did wrong. Thank you!!

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            4 years ago, # ^ |
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            You're missing one case. Inside if(val >= (ld)t), you'll also have to add if(ans == val - t && last > mid) last = mid; to complete the solution.

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      4 years ago, # ^ |
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      Hi anshumankr001,

      I had similar approach as yours but because of one condition i was getting wrong answer then i looked at your solution and removed that condition and it got accepted but still i didn't get why it happened.

      So i tried to submit your solution itself with that change and surprisingly that also got WA but i think that condition shouldn't have any affect on the answer.

      I am sharing the two links one accepted and one wrong, can you please help me out?

      WRONG ONE 82039446

      ACCEPTED 82039513

      Only difference is that in one of solution "cur = abs(func(mid)-t);" this line is commented and in one this is not

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        4 years ago, # ^ |
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        It's possible that two values will give the same difference say, a, b (a > b). After the binary search, you might get mid = a which will give you the optimal difference, but not the optimal answer. This modified code will give you the right answer:

        Code
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          4 years ago, # ^ |
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          even after this it is giving WA 82142984

          can you help me ? not able to figure out the issue (just a guess can it be due to some precision issues?)

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            4 years ago, # ^ |
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            You forgot ans = min(ans, i). Either add that, or loop in reverse, i.e. for(int i=l+5, i>=max(0LL, l-5); i--). Both will effectively do the same job.

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    4 years ago, # ^ |
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    Maybe this explaination might help — https://pro-coder.tech/cf-1359-problems/

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    4 years ago, # ^ |
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    4 years ago, # ^ |
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    81792654 Have a look!

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4 years ago, # |
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That allows us to find such k, that the value of tk is exactly t. However, such k might not be integer. (k+1)⋅h+c/2k+1 forgot to multiply k with c

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4 years ago, # |
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Task C took soul out of me but never showed Accepted

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    4 years ago, # ^ |
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    Try tracing an example. let's say h=10 c=5, try taking 1,2,3 and so on. if we take 1, the average would be 10, taking 2 the average would be 7.5, taking 3 the average would be 8.333 , taking 4 the average would be 7.5, notice that if you take any even number, the average would be the same. so in this example if 7.5 is the closest to t, we would surely take 2 because it is the minimum even number. Going on taking odd numbers you will notice that the average goes down towards 7.5 but never below it. That means that when you take larger odd numbers you would converge to the average when taking any even number(all gives the same average). Now as the average is always going down as we are taking larger odd numbers we can use binary search to know which is the optimal odd number that we should take to make the average as close as possible to t. Supposing that t is less than or equal to the average when taking an even number, the answer would be 2 because when taking odd numbers, the average would never cross the even average and if we assume that the average when taking an odd large number can ever reach the even average. we would still pick 2 becuase it is smaller than that odd number. so if t<=(h+c)/2.0 "the even average" , the answer would be 2 , else we know that t is greater than the even average. we also know that as the odd number goes to infinity the odd average converges to the even average, so if t is greater than the even average , we are sure that there exists an odd number that its average is as close as possible to t, so we do a binary search considering only odd numbers and calculate the average for that mid then checking if average>t then we want a smaller number so we discard the left half else we want a larger number so we discard the right half. Going on, we would get the number that gives the closest average possible to t. if anything is still not clear, feel free to ask.``

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      4 years ago, # ^ |
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      I think the guy for whom you wrote such a descriptive comment does not deserve it.

      Check out his submissions. You will find out.

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        4 years ago, # ^ |
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        Well you may be right. but i did it anyway assuming that he really needs help. It can also help someone else who may be struggling solving the problem.

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    4 years ago, # ^ |
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    I don't see a single submission from your account for problem C. Please can you explain how did it took the soul out of you?

    If i am not wrong you must be the kind of guy who creates new id just for the sake of posting comments.

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    4 years ago, # ^ |
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    check this video for detial explanation of problem c

    https://youtu.be/Ts6to-_N-Y0

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4 years ago, # |
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IT confused me why there were so few correct submissions for F — the time limit is very generous and you only have N^2/2, which is about 3e8 pairs to check if you brute force. So brute force should easily pass.

Unfortunately I didn't debug in time during the contest itself...

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    4 years ago, # ^ |
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    Yeah, brute force passes all the tests. I don't understand why the author's solution is so hard.

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4 years ago, # |
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can anyone explain Problem A in a more beginner- friendly and easy way. or else tell me where i have gone wrong.
MY SUBMISSION: https://codeforces.me/contest/1359/submission/81751748 code is in C++. thank you!

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4 years ago, # |
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I have a challenge for E

Solve it without having a % operator!

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4 years ago, # |
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If anyone need detail explanation for C Here

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4 years ago, # |
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How to solve D in $$$O(Nlog(N))$$$? Any D&C approach?
Edit: D&C $$$\implies$$$ Divide-and-conquer

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    4 years ago, # ^ |
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    check this video editorials for c and d C : https://youtu.be/Ts6to-_N-Y0 D : https://youtu.be/1h1D7wMbDis

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    4 years ago, # ^ |
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    I will share the approach of one of my friend 81836011.

    If we need to find the answer between L and R index, then we can do the following

    Let i be the index of any maximum element in range L to R. There are three possiblities

    1. The optimal subarray lies from L to i - 1
    2. The optimal subarray lies from i + 1 to R
    3. It include element at index i and therfore maximum of this subarray will be element at index i.

    Now first two cases are recursion and for the third you need to find the maximum prefix sum for range i + 1 to R and maximum suffix sum for range L to i - 1. So these queries (maximum index, maximum suffix sum, maximum prefix sum) can be done by segment tree. The merging step will take O(logN) time and therefore even though our problem doesn't always reduce into two equal halves, we will achieve a time complexity of O(NlogN).

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      4 years ago, # ^ |
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      I really like the idea, can you please help me to understand what build2 and build3 stands for in the code.

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        4 years ago, # ^ |
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        1. build1 is used for calculating the index of the maximum element in the range
        2. build2 is used for calculating maximum prefix sum for a range
        3. build3 is used for maximum suffix sum for a range

        For the understanding of build2, you can see that when you merge two nodes either the max prefix will be one of that of max prefix sum of the left node or it could be taking full left node and taking max prefix sum for the right node. The segment tree is storing a pair in case of build2 where first of that pair is max prefix and second is sum of that range. A similar idea could be applied to build3 as well. You can refer the following link

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      4 years ago, # ^ |
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      This code has greatly helped me solidify my concepts on suffix sums, thanks a lot for sharing this code

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4 years ago, # |
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Can anyone help with my approach? I am getting Wa but couldn't find why? My submission

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4 years ago, # |
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take test case 999977 17 499998 answer is 499981 but i think it should be 499979

please explain why?

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    3 years ago, # ^ |
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    The values of $$$|t_b-t|$$$ are $$$1/499981$$$ and $$$1/499979$$$, for 499981 and 499979 number of cups respectively. The former is smaller.

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4 years ago, # |
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.

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    4 years ago, # ^ |
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    $$$val1$$$ and $$$val2$$$ are only numerators, you have to compare $$$\frac{val1}{k}$$$ and $$$\frac{val2}{k+2}$$$

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      4 years ago, # ^ |
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      Thanks man I just understood that.

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4 years ago, # |
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In problem E, should'nt it be (d-1)P(k-1) instead of (d-1)C(k-1), because the problem asks only to reorder the elements?

For example if the minimum element is 1, and the k=3, then {1,2,3} and {1,3,2} are both stable arrays but we are counting only one in the answer. What am i getting wrong?

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    4 years ago, # ^ |
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    You haven't got the question right but don't worry.

    The question asks for how many different arrays are stable where a stable array is one that gives the same remainder irrespective of the permutation of the array.

    For instance, {1,2,3} and {1,3,2} are not two different stable arrays but two permutations of the array {1,2,3}. Notice how in the question it is mentioned that we have to find the arrays such that 1 <= a1 < a2 < a3 <...<an <= n. This is a strictly increasing array.

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4 years ago, # |
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Am not able to completely understand Editorial of Problem D

CAN SOMEONE PLEASE WRITE AN ELABORATE EXPLANATION FOR IT.

Thanks in Advance.

Edit : No Longer needed , i got the idea from code in this video:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0WNladOR-XM

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    4 years ago, # ^ |
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    Please can you explain Problem D...i also can't able to under stand D.Although it looks straighforward

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4 years ago, # |
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in question c for testcase 999977 17 499998 answer should be 499979 because for number of cups 499979 and 499981 the temprature of barrel are 499998.0000020001 and 499997.9999979999 respectively so as mention in question answer should be 499979.

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    3 years ago, # ^ |
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    The values of $$$|t_b-t|$$$ are $$$1/499981$$$ and $$$1/499979$$$, for 499981 and 499979 number of cups respectively. The former is smaller.

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4 years ago, # |
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In D can't we just use Kadane's algorithm to find the maximum sub-array and then find the maximum number in that array and just subtract if from sum of the maximum array?

TC: 11 3 0 1 -2 5 -5 -1 0 3 2 2 My ans: 3 expected: 4 y is it 4? total is 8 and max number is 5 so ans should be 8-5=3

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    4 years ago, # ^ |
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    what subarray are u referring to ?

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    4 years ago, # ^ |
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    case : -1 10 -20 1 5 Max sub array is 10 , u subtract 10 ans will be 0. But optimally it should be 1 5 , subtract 5 , u get 1. This happens because in sub array with maximum sum if the most contribution is from max element itself and later u will hv to remove it , we deviate from the ans .

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      4 years ago, # ^ |
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      see this for better understanding 5 elements 1 50 -60 4 4

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    4 years ago, # ^ |
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    You can choose subarray $$$3$$$ $$$2$$$ $$$2$$$ and $$$sum = 7$$$, $$$max = 3$$$, so $$$sum - max = 4$$$

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4 years ago, # |
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For their solution in problem E, is there a reason they had to write an add function? Would simply adding and then using % not work?

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    4 years ago, # ^ |
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    It will lower the constant since you don't need to use % every time, which will make your program faster.

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      4 years ago, # ^ |
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      does basically writing out the mod function like that work faster than using the % operator? If so, why?

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        4 years ago, # ^ |
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        int add(int x, int y)
        {
        	x += y;
        	while(x >= MOD) x -= MOD;
        	while(x < 0) x += MOD;
        	return x;
        }
        

        Here, only when $$$x\ge MOD$$$ or $$$x < 0$$$ you will take the modulo. But if you write it as

        x = (x + y) % MOD
        

        you need to take modulo every time, which may make your program slower.(Because % operator is the slowest among all operators)

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    4 years ago, # ^ |
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    can we find ncr % 998242353 using DP(pascal's triangle).Because it am getting TLE

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      4 years ago, # ^ |
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      that's O(n^2), which is not fast enough for n<=5*10^5.

      use c(n,r)=n!/r!/(n-r)! instead: 1. precomputing x! % 998242353 and 1/x! % 998242353. this takes O(k*n), k is a small constant. 2. for 1/x!, you need inverse modulo. 3. computing with n!/r!/(n-r)! takes O(1).

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4 years ago, # |
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1379D - New Passenger Trams

You can see that for any value between y and mx the maximum sum segment will always be that chosen one.

Can Someone explain this?

`

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4 years ago, # |
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I understood the problem C wrongly, I don't know if I was the only one lol, I thought that after pouring a cup you wait for the temperature to stabilize and AFTER that you pour the next cup, which will change the equation.. because if we note t_k the temperature after the k-th pour then for even k we have t_k=(t_(k-1)+c)/2 and for odd k we have t_k=(t_(k-1)+h)/2...

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    4 years ago, # ^ |
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    I see where your confusion comes from, but the problem clearly stated that:

    "The water temperature in the barrel is an average of the temperatures of the poured cups."

    I recommend that if you're not getting the correct answer in the test cases you re-read the problem (or the notes). This should've solved your doubt.

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4 years ago, # |
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I didn't understand the last statement in PROBLEM E

On the other hand, suppose there exists an element ai such that it is not divisible by a1. Let's take x=ai and two following reorders of the array a: [a1,a2,…,ak] and [ai,a1,a2,…,ai−1,ai+1,…,ak]. For the first array, we get xmoda1=aimoda1, which is non-zero; and for the second array, aimodai=0, so the result is zero.

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4 years ago, # |
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for problem D : lets say the current value of mx is 5 and we dont have any 5 in our array how can current answer for this sub task be sum of largest segment — 5 ??