vovuh's blog

Codeforces Round #544 (Div. 3)
By vovuh, history, 6 years ago, In English

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Hello! Codeforces Round 544 (Div. 3) will start at Mar/07/2019 18:05 (Moscow time). You will be offered 6 or 7 problems (or 8) with expected difficulties to compose an interesting competition for participants with ratings up to 1600. Probably, participants from the first division will not be at all interested by this problems. And for 1600-1899 the problems will be too easy. However, all of you who wish to take part and have rating 1600 or higher, can register for the round unofficially.

The round will be hosted by rules of educational rounds (extended ACM-ICPC). Thus, during the round, solutions will be judged on preliminary tests, and after the round it will be a 12-hour phase of open hacks. I tried to make strong tests — just like you will be upset if many solutions fail after the contest is over.

You will be given 6 or 7 (or 8) problems and 2 hours to solve them.

Note that the penalty for the wrong submission in this round (and the following Div. 3 rounds) is 10 minutes.

Remember that only the trusted participants of the third division will be included in the official standings table. As it is written by link, this is a compulsory measure for combating unsporting behavior. To qualify as a trusted participants of the third division, you must:

  • take part in at least two rated rounds (and solve at least one problem in each of them),
  • do not have a point of 1900 or higher in the rating.

Regardless of whether you are a trusted participant of the third division or not, if your rating is less than 1600, then the round will be rated for you.

Thanks to MikeMirzayanov for the platform, help with ideas for problems and for coordination of my work. Thanks to my good friends Mikhail awoo Piklyaev, Maksim Neon Mescheryakov and Ivan BledDest Androsov for help in round preparation and testing the round.

Good luck!

I also would like to say that participants who will submit wrong solutions on purpose and hack them afterwards (example) will not be shown in the hacking leaders table.

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UPD0: I also would like to thank Stresshoover, dreamoon_love_AA, budalnik and nhho for help in testing the round!

UPD1: Editorial is published!

UPD2:

Congratulations to the winners:

Rank Competitor Problems Solved Penalty
1 MoNsTeR_CuBe 7 340
2 try_agian 7 370
3 HurmousDay 7 396
4 AyaOtonashi 7 404
5 mohanraghug 7 437

Congratulations to the best hackers:

Rank Competitor Hack Count
1 greencis 72:-31
2 jhonber 30:-1
3 Milkdrop 22:-15
4 celesta 16:-3
5 MarcosK 12:-5
269 successful hacks and 316 unsuccessful hacks were made in total!

And finally people who were the first to solve each problem:

Problem Competitor Penalty
A friendly_potato 0:02
B OFAKMKOFZ 0:04
C Mbah1937 0:03
D AyaOtonashi 0:08
E nvwa 0:22
F1 elevendigit 0:15
F2 G_MIHAI 0:21

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Comments Comments (122)
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6 years ago, # |
  Vote: I like it +8 Vote: I do not like it

Div 3! Must be the time for high rating!

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6 years ago, # |
  Vote: I like it -41 Vote: I do not like it

Please make Div 3 rounds as frequent as Div 2. It is really good from the competition point of view. Otherwise Div 2 rounds include upto 2100 rated competitors on the ranklist which push coders like me to the bottom of the ranklist. Its really hard to even get to the top 1000

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    6 years ago, # ^ |
      Vote: I like it +20 Vote: I do not like it

    Div. 3 rounds are rather educational than competitive, and CodeForces team with no doubt does an amazing job in terms of number of educational contests (both Div. 3 and Edu. contests).

    Also, I believe that if you want to be in top N, then much better idea would be to study more and get into overall top N than to chose last N and find yourself in the top N (out of those last N).

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      6 years ago, # ^ |
        Vote: I like it -8 Vote: I do not like it

      I agree with you but all I am saying is competition should be among equal ones. You seem to say there shouldn't be even div1 and div2.

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        6 years ago, # ^ |
          Vote: I like it +7 Vote: I do not like it

        It doesnt matter at all . If ur wishes r granted then u may rank top but ur rating wont go that higher . But if u compete with stronger ones then ur will rise much higher for the same position .

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    6 years ago, # ^ |
      Vote: I like it +13 Vote: I do not like it

    I think rating doesn't matter at all. Be a better version of yourself that's all matters.

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6 years ago, # |
  Vote: I like it +12 Vote: I do not like it

I am really excited about my first unofficial contest.

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    6 years ago, # ^ |
      Vote: I like it +4 Vote: I do not like it

    Good to know I am not the only one feeling good about doing contests unofficially :P

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6 years ago, # |
  Vote: I like it -10 Vote: I do not like it

6 | 7 | 8 = 8 . only 6 r enough

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6 years ago, # |
  Vote: I like it +23 Vote: I do not like it

This round will be much easier than the previous one :) At least, I hope so...

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6 years ago, # |
  Vote: I like it +2 Vote: I do not like it

I hope there will not be any misbehaviour from the community side this time. :D

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6 years ago, # |
← Rev. 3   Vote: I like it 0 Vote: I do not like it

Is there any possibility to make contest duration 2:15 or 2:30 ?vovuh BledDest MikeMirzayanov

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6 years ago, # |
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I already had a rank of 1900, so the round is not ranked for me?

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6 years ago, # |
  Vote: I like it +2 Vote: I do not like it

Standings are showing that this its rated for me..I've become expert in previous education round... Figure it out please..

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    6 years ago, # ^ |
    ← Rev. 2   Vote: I like it +3 Vote: I do not like it

    I can see one of my "Specialist" friends is considered as non-official participants in this round(He was 1600+ before previous round). I think both situations are from same reason.

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6 years ago, # |
  Vote: I like it +11 Vote: I do not like it

I liked problem D, it's very creative.

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6 years ago, # |
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What is testcase # 37 in D?,..T_T..

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    6 years ago, # ^ |
      Vote: I like it +1 Vote: I do not like it

    To solve the case37, I change my double into long double.

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      6 years ago, # ^ |
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      OMG... i got AC to change long double .. T^T

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6 years ago, # |
  Vote: I like it +26 Vote: I do not like it

Hi. I forgot to adjust registration types (official-unofficial) after the educational round rating update. Sorry, I'll fix. Is it good idea to exclude from rating those, who should be official but was indicated unofficial incorrectly? They can be sure that they are unrated and solve problems carelessly.

P.s. I'll fix from Oman. I'm in a trip now.

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    6 years ago, # ^ |
      Vote: I like it +1 Vote: I do not like it

    Hats off! Sir. It's great to see that someone still working when he is on a trip!

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6 years ago, # |
← Rev. 3   Vote: I like it 0 Vote: I do not like it

Why is the following output incorrect for problem F1 example 3?

1 2

1 6

2 3

2 5

2 7

3 4

5 6

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6 years ago, # |
  Vote: I like it +6 Vote: I do not like it

What is pretest 5 in D ?

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    6 years ago, # ^ |
      Vote: I like it +8 Vote: I do not like it

    i think it is ai = 0 and bi = 0

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    6 years ago, # ^ |
    ← Rev. 4   Vote: I like it +8 Vote: I do not like it

    maybe handle case like

    3

    0 0 5

    0 0 5

    answer here is 3

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      6 years ago, # ^ |
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      daaaaamn how I didn't see that we can multiply 0 with anything

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      6 years ago, # ^ |
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      how the equation is a * d + b then when b == 5 if i choose d == 0 then c = 5 not 0 i-->1 -- > 0 * 0 + 0 == 0 i-->1 -- > 0 * 0 + 0 == 0 i-->1 -- > 0 * 0 + 5 == 5

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6 years ago, # |
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What can be the test-case 35 of problem F2

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    6 years ago, # ^ |
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    i think it's something like

    5 6 2

    1 2

    1 3

    1 4

    1 5

    4 5

    2 3

    cheak this

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6 years ago, # |
  Vote: I like it +1 Vote: I do not like it

My solution of D passed in C++17 but gave wrong answer in C++14. Can anyone explain why? submitted in C++14 : https://codeforces.me/contest/1133/submission/50944202 submitted in C++17 : https://codeforces.me/contest/1133/submission/50953520

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    6 years ago, # ^ |
      Vote: I like it +4 Vote: I do not like it

    it is problem with double, it outputs large numbers like 1.32e+10

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    6 years ago, # ^ |
    ← Rev. 3   Vote: I like it -8 Vote: I do not like it

    I'm facing something like that in problem D 1133D - Zero Quantity Maximization. Could you please help me?

    TLE in test case 42 C++ 17 51011108

    TLE in test case 45 C++ 11 51012754

    TLE in test case 23 Clang++17 Diagnostics 51012897

    TLE in test case 45 C++ 14 51013012

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      6 years ago, # ^ |
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      Your solutions got a few issues:

      1. Never use double/long double/etc. if you're to maintain the exact value of a rational number. Consider storing it in other alternative, like a fully-reduced fraction (to avoid ambiguity, the denominator of the fraction should be positive).
      2. unordered_map in C++ is a poor idea. This is a hash-table-based data structures, with average $$$\mathcal{O}(1)$$$ complexity for accessing/modifying, however the complexity can rise up to $$$\mathcal{O}(n)$$$ when collision occurs. In this case, the default C++ implementation of the hash function is incredibly weak that there are many testcases have been made to specifically counter it. Either use a map (a bit slower with the logarithmic complexity, but much more stable), or implement your own truly random hash functions for your unordered_map.

      P/s: A few reference for you, if you insist on re-implementing the hash functions. Pretty helpful.
      "Blowing up unordered_map, and how to stop getting hacked on it" by neal.

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6 years ago, # |
  Vote: I like it 0 Vote: I do not like it

Test Case 5 in D? Kept getting WA. I kinda knew my solution wouldn't work. But there was a probability it would. CODE

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    6 years ago, # ^ |
      Vote: I like it +3 Vote: I do not like it

    You have to check if both of ai and bi is equal to zero, in this case every d is correct

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    6 years ago, # ^ |
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    3

    0 0 5

    0 0 5

    answer here is 3

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6 years ago, # |
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How to solve F2 ? My approach — run dfs to find all articulation edges in the graph with one of the ends as vertex 1. Let this be art(1). If degree(1) < d , then straightaway answer is NO. If art(1)> d, then again answer is NO. Otherwise, include all neighbouring vertices of 1 connected via articulation edges and remaining d-art(1) vertices from left out neighbours and simply run bfs. However, this seems to give WA on test 16.

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    6 years ago, # ^ |
      Vote: I like it 0 Vote: I do not like it

    I don't know what "articulation" means, but at least there are 2 groups connected to vertex #1(One is consisted of vertex 5 only, otherwise included all vertices except #1, #5).

    So the minimum degree required for vertex #1 is 2, so the answer is NO.

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    6 years ago, # ^ |
    ← Rev. 2   Vote: I like it +7 Vote: I do not like it

    It is indeed wrong my friend.

    The simplest counter-test

    There are no articulation edges, but two components connected to vertex 1.

    The soltion doesn't include finding articulation points. You should remove vertex 1, find connected components. Afterwards make sure to reconnect vertex 1 to found components.

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6 years ago, # |
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Please Makes me official. <3

My rating is below 1600.

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6 years ago, # |
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What is test case 58 of E? :/

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6 years ago, # |
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Task D:

Attempt 1: eps = 1e-4; WA

Attempt 2: eps = 1e-7; WA

Attempt 3: eps = 1e-9; WA

Attempt 4: eps = 1e-18; WA

Attempt 5: eps = 1e-18; WA

Attempt 6: eps = 1e-25; WA

Attempt 7: eps = 1e-300 AC

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    6 years ago, # ^ |
      Vote: I like it +4 Vote: I do not like it

    you can use GCD and map rather than division so you don't need to use eps

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      6 years ago, # ^ |
      ← Rev. 2   Vote: I like it +3 Vote: I do not like it

      Yeah, I mentioned this but I thought that two fractions a/b and c/d with difference less than eps would also be one d.

      Lol I was thinking that way when i wrote eps = 1e-300

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      6 years ago, # ^ |
        Vote: I like it -8 Vote: I do not like it

      I'm facing something like that in problem D 1133D - Zero Quantity Maximization. Could you please help me?

      TLE in test case 42 C++ 17 51011108

      TLE in test case 45 C++ 11 51012754

      TLE in test case 23 Clang++17 Diagnostics 51012897

      TLE in test case 45 C++ 14 51013012

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        6 years ago, # ^ |
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        just use map rather than unordered_map , AC

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          6 years ago, # ^ |
            Vote: I like it -8 Vote: I do not like it

          Surprised!

          But why did it make the change? Can you please explain? However thank you!

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            6 years ago, # ^ |
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            Because unordered map insert and delete operation may work in O(N) time in some situations because of collision, meanwhile map works O(logN) time.

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    6 years ago, # ^ |
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    Excellent

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6 years ago, # |
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Can we really use map with double index ?

I thought that this is why I'm getting WA so I tried using Gcd

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    6 years ago, # ^ |
      Vote: I like it 0 Vote: I do not like it

    You can use map with any index you like

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      6 years ago, # ^ |
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      I know but if it's a result of fraction it may give wrong results

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        6 years ago, # ^ |
          Vote: I like it +1 Vote: I do not like it

        Use a map with a pair as index, the pair being Ai and Bi reduced to their lowest ratio. So no need to use any fraction whatsoever.

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    6 years ago, # ^ |
    ← Rev. 2   Vote: I like it +2 Vote: I do not like it

    I passed D with long double but I'm not sure if this solution will survive after hack wave.

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6 years ago, # |
  Vote: I like it +27 Vote: I do not like it

F2 was perfect

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    6 years ago, # ^ |
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    what's the test case 37 in F2 ?

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      6 years ago, # ^ |
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      No ideas

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      6 years ago, # ^ |
      ← Rev. 3   Vote: I like it 0 Vote: I do not like it

      I got WA on tc 37. When I selected edges starting for 1 randomly.
      Simple counter tc for this was -
      4 4 2
      1 2
      1 3
      2 3
      1 4
      You should select 1,4 and 1,2 or 3.
      You will get WA if you select 1,2 and 1,3.

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        6 years ago, # ^ |
          Vote: I like it +5 Vote: I do not like it

        I'm getting correct answer this case , my output is (1,4) (1,2) (2,3) .

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    6 years ago, # ^ |
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    Bonus: Can F2 be solved if the problem asked if any vertex can have degree D instead of specifying the first vertex

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      6 years ago, # ^ |
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      I have a trivial doubt.... What do u mean by first vertex ?

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      6 years ago, # ^ |
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      Is this a correct approach for the bonus question posted above?

      First, check the number of connected components for a vertex with degree greater than or equal to D using articulation points DFS. If that value comes out to be less than or equal to D then use this vertex as the start point. If no such point exists then the answer is NO.

      Code = https://pastebin.com/deATp7x6

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6 years ago, # |
  Vote: I like it 0 Vote: I do not like it

Microsoft Visual Studio 2010 hasn't　the "long double",I can't accept the problem D!!!!! My attitude booms !! And I feel very unfair!

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    6 years ago, # ^ |
      Vote: I like it +20 Vote: I do not like it

    Actually, it is possible to solve D without using double, long double or any floating point number.

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6 years ago, # |
  Vote: I like it +20 Vote: I do not like it

It was one of the coolest Div.3 rounds i've seen! Thanks a lot to creators!

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6 years ago, # |
  Vote: I like it +3 Vote: I do not like it

How to solve E?

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    6 years ago, # ^ |
      Vote: I like it +3 Vote: I do not like it

    For every index , find the the max element which can be inserted in current set, now we have n different ranges (n , different teams ) out of them we need to select k teams such that students count is maximized (remember that a student can be in at most 1 team ) ! This can be done by dp , selecting the current range or not selecting (kind of knapsack problem ) !!!!

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6 years ago, # |
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Q-D my answer works similar to other c++ users but I am getting TLE i am even using pypy, any optimization suggest, please!

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6 years ago, # |
  Vote: I like it 0 Vote: I do not like it

Problem C: int arr[]=new int[size]; // getting Time limit exceeded vs Integer arr[]=new Integer[size]; // working perfect

why??

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6 years ago, # |
  Vote: I like it +7 Vote: I do not like it

I loved problem D, it was extremely innovative.

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6 years ago, # |
  Vote: I like it +9 Vote: I do not like it

surely the best div3 round ever!!

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6 years ago, # |
  Vote: I like it +6 Vote: I do not like it

Again failed to cross 1200. "APNA TIME AAEGA"( My time will come).

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    6 years ago, # ^ |
      Vote: I like it +1 Vote: I do not like it

    Yes, keep solving problems: It may take years but we'll get there!

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6 years ago, # |
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how to solve f2?? i am getting wrong answer on test case 35,here is my submission https://codeforces.me/contest/1133/submission/50987588

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6 years ago, # |
  Vote: I like it +1 Vote: I do not like it

Why grid approach doesn't work for E ?

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6 years ago, # |
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Can someone elaborate on dp approach E, what does i and j means in dp[i][j]?

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    6 years ago, # ^ |
    ← Rev. 3   Vote: I like it +1 Vote: I do not like it

    Depends on your interpretation, on mine DP[i][j] is the solution for the problem on the interval with indices [i,N) given j groups available

    So, given a state (i,j), the best solution is made by either using the group that starts with the i-th element, or not using it.

    This is DP[i][j] = max(DP[i+1][j], DP[next[i]][j-1] + next[i]-i)

    Where, if the group that starts at i is [i,k) then next[i] = k.

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6 years ago, # |
  Vote: I like it +7 Vote: I do not like it

For problem E : Many solutions have failed on TC:58 if they have used greedy approach i.e.,for each k, calculating maximum length of range for which given condition is true( using binary search ) and then adding them.

code which failed on TC 58 : https://codeforces.me/contest/1133/submission/50976279

This approach is wrong because it is possible to obtain even higher number.For this we need to apply concept of DP.

for eg: consider TC : n=8, k=2, array a={ 3,5,5,5,5,9,9,13 }

By using greedy approach, we get maximum length for k=1 as 6 for {5,5,5,5,6,6} and then for k=2 (i,e., after removing elements from i=2 to i=7) we get maximum length as 1 (for 3 or 13).

so total number of students using greedy approach = 6+1=7.

But this is not most optimal as the best way is

for (k=1) take range as {3,5,5,5,5} = 5 for (k=2) take range as {9,9,13} =3 so total number of students using optimal approach = 5+3=8.

So DP approach (correct approach) :

Tabulate a dp[i][j], ( we will use bottom up approach i.e., first kth team filled then (k-1)th and so on...)

where dp[i][j] --> maximum total number of students included till now (i.e.,from team 'k' till team 'j') such that jth team is filled with val[i] and (j+1)th team is already filled with optimal value(computed in bottom up approach ).

dp[i][j] can be obtained by using the forumula

dp[i][j]= val[i] + max( dp[ i+ val[i] ][j+1], dp[ i+val[i]+1 ][j+1],......,dp[n][j+1] );

where , val[i] denotes length of longest range for which condition is true from ith index. i.e., for array a={3,5,5,5,5,9,9,13} val[]={5,6,5,4,3,3,2,1}

val[] can be precomputed using binary search in O(NlogN).

ans= max ( dp[i][1] ) for i=1 to n.

Time complexity : O(n*k + nlogn) for bottom up tabulation and precomputation of val[].

ACCEPTED Code : https://codeforces.me/contest/1133/submission/50989079

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    6 years ago, # ^ |
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    Not really relevant, but calculation of val[] can be done in O(n) using two pointers: 50991120

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    5 years ago, # ^ |
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    Hi! Please tell me what's wrong with my solution. I've used two pointers approach. Code

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6 years ago, # |
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I just noticed a test in A contradicts what was said in the description

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    6 years ago, # ^ |
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    the 23:59 00:01 one because the description said the competition happenned on the very same day

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      6 years ago, # ^ |
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      It does happen on the same day, it starts at 00:01 and ends at 23:59. Its total duration is 23:58, and half of it is 11:59. Therefore, the middle of the contest happens at 00:01 + 11:59 = 12:00. It would be incorrect if it was 23:59 and 00:01, but it is 00:01 and 23:59 (notice that the order does matter in this case).

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      6 years ago, # ^ |
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      I assume you are talking about the 5th test case for problem number one. It is : 00:01 23:59 and not 23:59 00:01.

      It is clearly mentioned in the question that the first time denotes the start and the 2nd the end time of the contest, considering this the input it valid.

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6 years ago, # |
← Rev. 3   Vote: I like it 0 Vote: I do not like it

For problem F1, I've used Kruskal's algorithm but picking all edges coming out of the maximum degree vertex first and then add other edges which satisfy the spanning tree property.

This resulted in a TLE. Time complexity for the code I have written (in PyPy 3.5) is O(m+n). How can this be improved?

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    6 years ago, # ^ |
    ← Rev. 2   Vote: I like it +1 Vote: I do not like it

    F1, doesnt require Kruskal or Prim's algorithm. Just a simple dfs is enough. Find the vertex with the maximum degree, S. connect it to all it's neighbouring vertices and marked them visited except one vertex.

    Just do the dfs from S. Link

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    6 years ago, # ^ |
    ← Rev. 3   Vote: I like it 0 Vote: I do not like it

    Python or PyPy is poor to use in this platform. Many competitive programming platforms never respect slower languages such as Python, etc. So use C++ instead.

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6 years ago, # |
  Vote: I like it +2 Vote: I do not like it

See to the rankings where trusted participants include people above 1600 ratings

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    6 years ago, # ^ |
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    Previous contest rating update haven't included in current standing yet. It'll be fixed soon.

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6 years ago, # |
  Vote: I like it +9 Vote: I do not like it

When will the system testing start? Can it finished before the next compitetion

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6 years ago, # |
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Hello everyone, I am quite new to Codeforces, I tried to submit solution to problem C, after seeing top submissions but I am getting TLE from the same logic in JAVA. Can anyone help me.

My code: http://codeforces.me/contest/1133/submission/50999444

The code I referred: http://codeforces.me/contest/1133/submission/50935270

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6 years ago, # |
  Vote: I like it +5 Vote: I do not like it

i have waited system testing for 2 hour :(

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6 years ago, # |
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can anyone tell me what is wrong in my code it is giving wrong answer for test case 4. i have just iterate it over all the edges Your text to link here...

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6 years ago, # |
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Can anyone please tell why I am getting TLE in My solution. https://codeforces.me/contest/1133/submission/50969866 The time limit given in this question was 2 sec.

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6 years ago, # |
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I want help in question D(Zero Quantity Maximization) can somebody give me a hint for the problem

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    6 years ago, # ^ |
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    its easy to say if ai*d + bi =0 ==> d=-bi/ai we make a map for d then take the d who solve to many equation so we take the biggest frequency of d in the map you can save d as pair<int,int> or long double

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6 years ago, # |
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what wrong in my code of B 50962881 it failed on test case 22

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    6 years ago, # ^ |
    ← Rev. 2   Vote: I like it +3 Vote: I do not like it

    this is your bug in test case 22 if(k==1)return cout << n << endl,0; you can fix it by make n even if(k==1)return cout << (n — n %2) << endl,0;

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6 years ago, # |
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Can someone help me understand why my code is giving RUNTIME ERROR on test case 18 in problem F1? http://codeforces.me/contest/1133/submission/50972145

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6 years ago, # |
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editorial plz

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6 years ago, # |
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How to solve E?

My solution: Find the team with the maximum number of students and then remove those students from the vector. Repeat until all students are in some team. Then pick the largest k teams. But it gives WA on test #52

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    6 years ago, # ^ |
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    i think you need to implementation DP approach rather than greedy one

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6 years ago, # |
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Can F2 be solved by finding articulation edges / bridges in the graph and as soon as we find bridge edge we merge them and after that we pick any random adjacent edges of vertex 1 so as to make its degree exactly d. and after make the whole tree connected using kruskal type algorithm? Here is my submission for reference of what i am talking. Pls tell if i am wrong. Thanks

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5 years ago, # |
← Rev. 2   Vote: I like it 0 Vote: I do not like it

Hi! Please tell me what's wrong with my solution to problem E. I've used two pointers approach. CODE

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5 years ago, # |
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Why there isn't any tutorial for this round and I want someone to explain problem E dp approach

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