niyaznigmatul's blog

Codeforces Round #402
By niyaznigmatul, 8 years ago, translation, In English

Hi, Codeforces!

Codeforces Round 402 (Div. 1) and Codeforces Round 402 (Div. 2) are going to happen on February, 26th, at 08:05 AM UTC. The round will run at the same time with Innopolis University Open, Olympiad in Informatics. Division 1 problems are the same as olympiad problems. Some of Division 2 problems are prepared by MikeMirzayanov, thanks to him.

The problems are developed by MikeMirzayanov, YakutovDmitriy, VArtem, FireZi, burakov28, pashka.

We hope you enjoy the problems!

UPD:
problem scores for div1: 500 — 1000 — 1500 — 2250 — 2250
problem scores for div2: 500 — 1000 — 1000 — 1500 — 2000 — 2500

UPD 2: Congratulations to winners!

Top-10 (Div.1)

  1. bmerry
  2. ainta
  3. Marcin_smu
  4. kcm1700
  5. jqdai0815
  6. anta
  7. FizzyDavid
  8. Reyna
  9. dotorya
  10. gs12117

Top-10 (Div.2)

  1. Chiaki.Hoshinomori
  2. WhyamIhere
  3. 2021
  4. Schemtschik
  5. kiiiiii
  6. chakred_namor
  7. marcospaulo
  8. fushar
  9. safarisoul
  10. Panole233

Editorial is here.

  • Vote: I like it
  • +429
  • Vote: I do not like it

Comments Comments (192)
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8 years ago, # |
  Vote: I like it -17 Vote: I do not like it

too bad, I can't do this round :(

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8 years ago, # |
  Vote: I like it -18 Vote: I do not like it

how many problemset sir ?

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8 years ago, # |
  Vote: I like it +32 Vote: I do not like it

LOL!!

One problemsetter of each color

Now that's what I call justice

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    8 years ago, # ^ |
      Vote: I like it +9 Vote: I do not like it

    there are two reds, no cyan, no green, no grey and no white

    Are you having Color Blindness :3

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      8 years ago, # ^ |
        Vote: I like it +18 Vote: I do not like it

      there are one grandmaster, and one international grandmaster

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        8 years ago, # ^ |
          Vote: I like it +8 Vote: I do not like it

        but it is the same color ;)

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          8 years ago, # ^ |
            Vote: I like it +114 Vote: I do not like it

          only women can see the difference between these two colors.

          like this

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            8 years ago, # ^ |
              Vote: I like it +27 Vote: I do not like it

            This makes no sense, "green-yellow" is the shade of green farthest from yellow here...

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              8 years ago, # ^ |
                Vote: I like it +16 Vote: I do not like it

              You're still thinking in masculine color space.

              Feminine color space has three dimensions. It's like the transition from flatland to 3-space; impossible to imagine unless you already live there.

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      8 years ago, # ^ |
        Vote: I like it +26 Vote: I do not like it

      VArtem is International Grandmaster and pashka is Grandmaster

      sorry man there's no thing called completely justice in this world :(

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8 years ago, # |
  Vote: I like it +1 Vote: I do not like it

Do you mean Sunday, 26th?

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8 years ago, # |
  Vote: I like it +237 Vote: I do not like it

Is there any reason that recently Codeforces Contests are announced in short time before contest start time?

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    8 years ago, # ^ |
      Vote: I like it 0 Vote: I do not like it

    kind of a surprise :D

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      8 years ago, # ^ |
        Vote: I like it +57 Vote: I do not like it

      It's not only surprise but also sad for me. The contest time is quite close to my training contest in group.

      In fact, I have moved the training contest time from Friday to Sunday because its original time overlap to CF #401...

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8 years ago, # |
← Rev. 2   Vote: I like it -32 Vote: I do not like it

Deleted

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8 years ago, # |
  Vote: I like it +9 Vote: I do not like it

Nice time !

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8 years ago, # |
← Rev. 2   Vote: I like it -42 Vote: I do not like it

Wow! Another chance to get high rating! :3

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    8 years ago, # ^ |
      Vote: I like it -11 Vote: I do not like it

    it depends on your rank not on the difficulty of the problemset

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8 years ago, # |
  Vote: I like it +75 Vote: I do not like it

I love it when there are contests on every 2-3 days. :)

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8 years ago, # |
  Vote: I like it +66 Vote: I do not like it

It completely collides with Grand Prix of Wroclaw of OpenCup. Which one do you participate?

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    8 years ago, # ^ |
      Vote: I like it 0 Vote: I do not like it

    If I'm not wrong the Gran Prix starts just when the CF Round ends...

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      8 years ago, # ^ |
        Vote: I like it +45 Vote: I do not like it

      Grand Prix starts just when CF Round starts

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8 years ago, # |
  Vote: I like it +7 Vote: I do not like it

Why did codeforces start holding its contests at such an odd times? Earlier it was used to be around 16:00 UTC.

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    8 years ago, # ^ |
      Vote: I like it +100 Vote: I do not like it

    Maybe because of this
    The round will run at the same time with Innopolis University Open, Olympiad in Informatics.

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8 years ago, # |
  Vote: I like it -18 Vote: I do not like it

there is always a pole between you and things you love to do
this pole is my school :(
I'm not gonna participate in this round tomorrow

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    8 years ago, # ^ |
      Vote: I like it 0 Vote: I do not like it

    Its Sunday in India..So no School :)

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      8 years ago, # ^ |
        Vote: I like it +38 Vote: I do not like it

      actually in my country the weekend is on Friday and Saturday

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    8 years ago, # ^ |
    ← Rev. 4   Vote: I like it -9 Vote: I do not like it

    as I said before.

    there's no thing called completely justice in this world :(

    I face the same problem :(

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8 years ago, # |
  Vote: I like it -6 Vote: I do not like it

Five problems as usual ?

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8 years ago, # |
  Vote: I like it 0 Vote: I do not like it

8:00 am GMT +6 is the best time!

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8 years ago, # |
  Vote: I like it -91 Vote: I do not like it

Is it rated?

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8 years ago, # |
← Rev. 2   Vote: I like it +45 Vote: I do not like it

Is this the first time that the two divisions have different number of problems?

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8 years ago, # |
← Rev. 5   Vote: I like it -79 Vote: I do not like it

UPD : I didnt send that message,this guy send it with my account. I know that it is rated :D . pls stop down-voting me . my contribution was +3, but now -25 :'(

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8 years ago, # |
  Vote: I like it 0 Vote: I do not like it

Hack for DIV — 2 B ???????

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8 years ago, # |
← Rev. 2   Vote: I like it +1 Vote: I do not like it

How to solve Div2D?

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    8 years ago, # ^ |
      Vote: I like it +1 Vote: I do not like it

    Binary search

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    8 years ago, # ^ |
      Vote: I like it +1 Vote: I do not like it

    I did Binary Search.

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    8 years ago, # ^ |
      Vote: I like it 0 Vote: I do not like it

    can you explain a bit?

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      8 years ago, # ^ |
        Vote: I like it +6 Vote: I do not like it

      You binary search on the number of elements to delete from the string (just mark the indices in a boolean array). Then, if the string I'm looking for is a subsequence of the original string with modified characters then it's possible for her to continue playing so I try a higher value. If it isn't a subsequence then I have to try lower. Checking if it's a subsequence can be done in O(n).

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      8 years ago, # ^ |
      ← Rev. 2   Vote: I like it 0 Vote: I do not like it

      Suppose i is the answer then it is possible to construct the pattern for any value less than or equal to i. So we can form a sequence like TTTTFFFFF (t=possible f=not possible). We have to find the last T where it is possible to construct pattern. Which can be done through Binary Search.

      25045586

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    8 years ago, # ^ |
      Vote: I like it +5 Vote: I do not like it

    Binary search(O(log(n))) on length of permutation and check till which index there exist a subsequence 'p' in it (in O(n)). Hence resultant complexity is O(n*log(n))

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      8 years ago, # ^ |
      ← Rev. 2   Vote: I like it +3 Vote: I do not like it

      Hey, shouldn't we include the time it would take to delete the elements as well?

      Also, are you using some other method for deleting? Because otherwise, the deletion itself would take O(n) time.

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        8 years ago, # ^ |
          Vote: I like it 0 Vote: I do not like it

        You don't actually have to delete elements from the string, replace characters at required indices with some special character and check for subsequence(which can be done in O(n)). Refer to my code to get the idea.

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    8 years ago, # ^ |
    ← Rev. 6   Vote: I like it -7 Vote: I do not like it

    I think It can be done using hashing + BIT or hashing + Seg tree.
    Link: String Hashing
    If you read this you can link strategy to this problem. Of course, binary search is easy one solution but It would be worth to learn so it can be applied many problems like this( Sometimes it is easier to implement String Hashing than other Solution).
    PS: Accuracy of Solution depends on Probability of collisions.

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    22 months ago, # ^ |
      Vote: I like it 0 Vote: I do not like it

    Really cool binary search.

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8 years ago, # |
  Vote: I like it 0 Vote: I do not like it

Ideas on D div.2?

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8 years ago, # |
← Rev. 2   Vote: I like it -89 Vote: I do not like it

0.0

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    8 years ago, # ^ |
      Vote: I like it +21 Vote: I do not like it

    Hey guy stop it please

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    8 years ago, # ^ |
      Vote: I like it -11 Vote: I do not like it

    Usually I'd use a "strict <" in function "cmp". It could be the problem. Just a hint for you to dive in.

    However, please do not post your code everywhere, especially in unrelated posts.

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    8 years ago, # ^ |
      Vote: I like it 0 Vote: I do not like it

    share your code using idone or just give the link of your submission :| Dont spam the page

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8 years ago, # |
  Vote: I like it +56 Vote: I do not like it

Seems like problem E's parsing is harder than task itself lol.

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    8 years ago, # ^ |
      Vote: I like it +8 Vote: I do not like it

    I think so. It cost me too much time.

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    8 years ago, # ^ |
    ← Rev. 2   Vote: I like it 0 Vote: I do not like it

    How to solve it?

    edit-Just figured it out.

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      8 years ago, # ^ |
        Vote: I like it +3 Vote: I do not like it

      I guess solving independently for each bit will work.

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    8 years ago, # ^ |
      Vote: I like it +5 Vote: I do not like it

    I don't think so. You can use a map to point a variable to its declaration location in input, ignore the := operator and easily parse a binary string to an integer/boolean array.

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8 years ago, # |
  Vote: I like it +3 Vote: I do not like it

I misread problem E. I could have solved it :(

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8 years ago, # |
  Vote: I like it +3 Vote: I do not like it

From problem E, how do you handle cases like this?:

3 5
a := 10100
b := a OR ?
c := b XOR ?

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    8 years ago, # ^ |
      Vote: I like it +11 Vote: I do not like it

    Notice that each bit for ? can be decided independently. So, for each column of bit, just try 0 and 1 and take the optimal one.

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      8 years ago, # ^ |
      ← Rev. 2   Vote: I like it 0 Vote: I do not like it

      Oh. My train of thinking was along that line. Now I feel stupid :(

      RIP Rating

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    8 years ago, # ^ |
    ← Rev. 3   Vote: I like it +5 Vote: I do not like it

    For every bit in every variable, you should know it's value, for when the corresponding bit in ? is 0 and for when the corresponding bit in ? is 1. For example:

    a = [[1, 1], [0, 0], [1, 1], [0, 0], [0, 0]]

    b = [[1, 1], [0, 1], [1, 1], [0, 1], [0, 1]] (you calculate this using just variable a)

    c = [[1, 0], [0, 0], [1, 0], [0, 0], [0, 0]] (you calculate this using just variable b)

    E.g. the emphasized array in c means that if ? = "..0..", then c = ".. 1 .."; and if ? = "..1..", then c = "..0..".

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8 years ago, # |
← Rev. 2   Vote: I like it +17 Vote: I do not like it

I believe that a large number of chinese can solve Div2E, for a similar problem has appeared in NOI2014. The similar problem's chinese name is "起床困难综合征", you can find it on many websites. NOI is olympics in infomatics in China. Sorry for poor english.

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    8 years ago, # ^ |
      Vote: I like it -37 Vote: I do not like it

    Hey man... Don't do that!

    (I've learned Chinese for years and the characters this man posted has nothing to do with "Olympics in Informatics in China". Don't waste your time on searching that)

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      8 years ago, # ^ |
        Vote: I like it +12 Vote: I do not like it

      LOL~ The Chinese characters are the name of the problem that is similar to Div2E mentioned by __stdcall.

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      8 years ago, # ^ |
        Vote: I like it 0 Vote: I do not like it

      I mean that, the problem's name is "起床困难综合征". You can submit the problem on this website. http://uoj.ac/problem/2

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        8 years ago, # ^ |
          Vote: I like it +11 Vote: I do not like it

        Sorry, my mistake...

        But it's a really interesting title

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          8 years ago, # ^ |
            Vote: I like it +6 Vote: I do not like it

          That's also my fault. I have updated my comment in order to prevent from misunderstanding.

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      8 years ago, # ^ |
        Vote: I like it +3 Vote: I do not like it

      "Get up difficult syndrome."

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8 years ago, # |
  Vote: I like it +49 Vote: I do not like it

How to solve Div1 C?? Thanks in advance :)

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    8 years ago, # ^ |
    ← Rev. 3   Vote: I like it +27 Vote: I do not like it

    I used DSU on tree technique. Removing character at index p is equivalent to removing all edges at depth p in the trie. The hash of a vertex is the hash of the string formed when I go from the root to this vertex. For each vertex v, I store the hashes of all vertices in its subtree.Then I can easily find out the number of distinct hashes in its subtrees after removing edges from v to its children.

    Code

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      8 years ago, # ^ |
        Vote: I like it +8 Vote: I do not like it

      the link is broken.Please check it

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        8 years ago, # ^ |
        ← Rev. 2   Vote: I like it +2 Vote: I do not like it

        Fixed. :)
        It's working for me. If it's still not accessible to you, just google "DSU on tree codeforces".

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      8 years ago, # ^ |
        Vote: I like it 0 Vote: I do not like it

      Okay, so, at some point, you will have a set S with the hashes of all vertices in the subtree rooted at v (using DSU on tree). But how exactly do you remove the edges leaving v? I imagine that you pass through each element of S applying some hash-related operation to remove the first edge, then you'll get a new hash and you'll put it in another set S'. After this pass over S, the size of set S' is the answer. Is that it? If yes, what is the hash-related operation to remove the first edge? Thanks for the help!

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        8 years ago, # ^ |
          Vote: I like it 0 Vote: I do not like it

        Suppose I am at vertex u. And the heaviest child is v. After I have processed v, the global map I use already has the hashes of all nodes in the subtree of v. I need to check other subtrees of u. Let us consider node w in some subtree of u (let that be x) such that w is not the heaviest child of u. Now, I need to calculate the hash of w assuming that the edge u->x does not exist. This is equivalent to calculating the hash value of w assuming the edge u->x has the same character on it as the edge u->v. I do exactly this in my code. Then the number of nodes which remain after deleting the edges from u will be equal to the number of nodes in the trie-1 (because it includes v too which must be subtracted).
        The above explanation is very specific to my code.

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    8 years ago, # ^ |
      Vote: I like it +5 Vote: I do not like it

    I solved it in , where k = 26, the alphabet. Solution idea is pretty simple  –  "Let's try and merge all child tries of the current node and see what total size we get". You can merge two tries in time proportional to the size of lesser one, and it is well known that in worst case each node will be in mergers.

    So, the algorithm:

    1. Iterate over all nodes, and also compute their depths in order to update answer for correct value of p.
    2. Merge all child tries of current node and compute the size of this merged trie, then add size change to the answer for corresponding p.
    3. Roll back the changes and go to the next node.
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      8 years ago, # ^ |
        Vote: I like it +7 Vote: I do not like it

      Could you elaborate why it is O(n k log n)? I thought of the same approach, but wasn't sure it would work.

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      8 years ago, # ^ |
        Vote: I like it 0 Vote: I do not like it

      I've tried to implement the similar approach but failed with the "rollback" part, could you please give some detail on that?

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        8 years ago, # ^ |
          Vote: I like it +10 Vote: I do not like it

        One of the simplest ways: every time you change any variable, push back {what was changed, what value it had before} into a vector, then reverse it and apply the same operations backwards.

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      8 years ago, # ^ |
        Vote: I like it +13 Vote: I do not like it

      I practically copied your code and submitted it without the nodes' size verification (i.e. the swap(u, v) in merge()) and the runtime was 200ms. Any idea why?

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      8 years ago, # ^ |
        Vote: I like it +8 Vote: I do not like it

      i thought your solution will fail on a test with binary tree where every left edge is "a" and right is "b" (quite a few vertices will be merged then), but it didn't. however, i also ran solutions of top-10 and only half of them where fast enough on my computer, some even getting 40s+.

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8 years ago, # |
← Rev. 2   Vote: I like it +19 Vote: I do not like it

I almost solved problem E (DIV 2). but time ran out. I am such a slog. Treat each bit independent of other m-1 bits!!!

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8 years ago, # |
  Vote: I like it +4 Vote: I do not like it

How to solve problem D in Div.1?

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    8 years ago, # ^ |
      Vote: I like it 0 Vote: I do not like it

    any ideas? What was the approach?

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      8 years ago, # ^ |
      ← Rev. 3   Vote: I like it +9 Vote: I do not like it

      I read some AC codes and found this excellent idea: The operation is reversible and so we can try to turn both the current configuration and the desired configuration into a configuration like:

      UUUUUUUU

      DDDDDDDD

      UUUUUUUU

      DDDDDDDD

      UUUUUUUU

      DDDDDDDD

      and then you can combine the two sets of operations to get the final operations. Sorry for my poor English..

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        8 years ago, # ^ |
          Vote: I like it +44 Vote: I do not like it

        the idea works because each time we try to fix the top-leftmost block to be LR, if the block is originally UD then we fix the next block to UD and turn, and if the next block is LR then the block below it is LR(done) or UD and so on... eventually we will have a "ladder" and this ladder cannot continue indefinitely, so there will always be solution.

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8 years ago, # |
  Vote: I like it +27 Vote: I do not like it

Was it intended to fail MNlog(N) solution on Div 1B?

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    8 years ago, # ^ |
      Vote: I like it +5 Vote: I do not like it

    You have O(M*N*log(N)*len(var)) ~= 1/2 * 10^9. That's a lot to STL

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    8 years ago, # ^ |
    ← Rev. 2   Vote: I like it 0 Vote: I do not like it

    I changed map to unordered_map after the contest and got AC. How do you tell when unordered_map is faster?

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      8 years ago, # ^ |
        Vote: I like it 0 Vote: I do not like it

      unordered_map is generally (quite a bit) faster if nobody is attacking your hash (to cause collisions) and when you have sufficient buckets (check out c++ stl reserve()).

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8 years ago, # |
← Rev. 2   Vote: I like it +8 Vote: I do not like it

The only thing that made problem E tougher was the input format. Takes loads of time to write the code to process the input variables.(String splitting n all). I missed solving it by 2-3 mins due to this.

The crux idea of the problem was not that difficult according to me. Complexity of N × M × 2 is good enough.

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8 years ago, # |
← Rev. 6   Vote: I like it +93 Vote: I do not like it

http://codeforces.me/contest/778/submission/25048949

My solution to D.

I just keep changing every LR to UD, and then every UD to LR, recursively, until it is done.

Is this solution correct?

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    8 years ago, # ^ |
      Vote: I like it +39 Vote: I do not like it

    It's not the solution that we expected, I don't know how to prove it but it looks like it's correct.

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    8 years ago, # ^ |
    ← Rev. 2   Vote: I like it +61 Vote: I do not like it

    Suppose m is even. Let's call 'step' changing avery LR to UD and then every UD to LR, as done in matthew99's solution. We want to show that eventually all cells become L or R.

    A cell is 'stable' if it is L or R and it stays the same after performing an arbitrary number of steps. Suppose by contradiction there is a cell that never become stable, and consider the first one which has this property (it means that all the cells on the left and those placed in some preceding row eventually become stable. We can assume they are already stable, provided a sufficient number of steps has been performed). This cell must be U, and we can also determine the type of many other nearby cells, as shown:

    ****************
****ULR.........
....DULR........
.....DULR.......
etc...

    (asterisks denote stable cells, dots denote unknown cells).

    The same pattern must continue in diagonal until the border of the grid is reached. But this is impossible because there's no way to tile the cells above that diagonal using dominos (if you color them like a chessboard, the number of black cells and the number of white cells would be different).

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8 years ago, # |
  Vote: I like it 0 Vote: I do not like it

Even after getting good rank my rating won't go up just because there were 3000 people in the contest. Bad day!!!!

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    8 years ago, # ^ |
      Vote: I like it +12 Vote: I do not like it

    The fact that you got a good rank was because there were only 3000 people , if there were more people it would proportionally increase :P

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    8 years ago, # ^ |
      Vote: I like it +10 Vote: I do not like it

    roz shankar bhagwaan ko ek lota jal chadao, rating badhegi bacha! bum bum bhole!

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8 years ago, # |
← Rev. 2   Vote: I like it 0 Vote: I do not like it

Div2E TL on 33 test
Replace map with unordered_map
Accepted
Just why....

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    8 years ago, # ^ |
    ← Rev. 2   Vote: I like it +5 Vote: I do not like it

    I passed with map,maybe your code is ...

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    8 years ago, # ^ |
      Vote: I like it 0 Vote: I do not like it

    me either :( and I wonder why map<> got TLE though it takes N * M * 2 * log2(N) which is less than 10^8

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      8 years ago, # ^ |
        Vote: I like it +5 Vote: I do not like it

      map<> have log2(N) comparison. But 1 comporation for string = lenght. Your solution have O(N*M**Log2(N)*len). It is a lot.

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        8 years ago, # ^ |
          Vote: I like it 0 Vote: I do not like it

        So I converted XOR OR AND to each 0, 1, 2 but still got TLE.

        http://codeforces.me/contest/779/submission/25049704

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          8 years ago, # ^ |
          ← Rev. 2   Vote: I like it +4 Vote: I do not like it

          No, he is referring to the variable name you use as key for the map!

          You can use int IDs instead of string names to get very low runtime.

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            8 years ago, # ^ |
              Vote: I like it 0 Vote: I do not like it

            I understood. thanks!

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            8 years ago, # ^ |
              Vote: I like it 0 Vote: I do not like it

            Why is that so? For strings map checks for complete length thats why 10*log2(N) instead of log2(N) in integer?

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              8 years ago, # ^ |
                Vote: I like it +3 Vote: I do not like it

              Yes, map is a BST, so it bases on comparisons, and string comparison is O(string size)

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    8 years ago, # ^ |
    ← Rev. 7   Vote: I like it 0 Vote: I do not like it

    unordered_map is O(1)(instead of O(log n) ) on avg. maybe it is crucial here

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8 years ago, # |
← Rev. 2   Vote: I like it 0 Vote: I do not like it

-removed

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8 years ago, # |
  Vote: I like it +29 Vote: I do not like it

Div2 round was a race to see who types faster =(

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8 years ago, # |
  Vote: I like it +12 Vote: I do not like it

Amazing problemset.

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8 years ago, # |
← Rev. 3   Vote: I like it +34 Vote: I do not like it

At problem div1E, is 47th test particular in any way? I am getting WA on it with an answer pretty close to the expected one...it must be something special about (47 is magical, isn't it:)) ) because I passed 46 tests and the solution makes sense.

LE: I found a test that I was failing and now I have AC. So, if at any time, there is anyone in need of a test that might have some similarities with 47th test (or of a strong and really small test as it proved itself to be), here it is:

1
2
9
99
4 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

The answer should be 14, but my almost perfect program was returning 13

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8 years ago, # |
  Vote: I like it +9 Vote: I do not like it

This is the first time I solved 4 and I'm getting my ratings reduced :(

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8 years ago, # |
  Vote: I like it +3 Vote: I do not like it

For div2-F/div1-C I saw a few submissions using dsu on tree technique.Can someone please explain the approach briefly.

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8 years ago, # |
  Vote: I like it +7 Vote: I do not like it

Can someone prove complexity of this solution? 25040913

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    8 years ago, # ^ |
    ← Rev. 2   Vote: I like it -40 Vote: I do not like it

    So let's prove asymptotic O(26 * n).

    2 vertex have merged, so they won't be merge again. So my solution works 26 * O(count of merges).

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      8 years ago, # ^ |
        Vote: I like it +10 Vote: I do not like it

      For each level O(N) merges, not?

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        8 years ago, # ^ |
          Vote: I like it +5 Vote: I do not like it

        for each level O(len(h)), sum(len(h)) = n

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          8 years ago, # ^ |
          ← Rev. 4   Vote: I like it +28 Vote: I do not like it

          Solution complexity is , right?

          And check(i) complexity is , right?

          And dfs(i) complexity is , right?

          So, depth is O(N). Then  =  N.

           =  ,

          Since depth  =  O(N), solution complexity is

          UPD: I think that this piece of code in dfs reduces depth to log2(N)

          if (v.size() < 2) return 0;

          If there insted of this if will be this one :

          if(v.empty()) return 0; // v.size() < 1

          apparently your code will take TLE

          So I think that complexity of your solution is . Isn't it?

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            8 years ago, # ^ |
            ← Rev. 4   Vote: I like it 0 Vote: I do not like it

            f(n) — complexity of sum dfs with n nodes.

            m <= 26, sum(s_i, i <= m) = n — 1, f(n) = max(sum(f(s_i)) + m * min(s_i)) if (m = 1) f(n) = 1

            let's prove f(n) = n log2 n

            if (max(s_i) <= n / 2):

            1. sum(f(s_i) < n ((log2 n) — 1)
            2. m * min(s_i) <= n
            3. f(n) <= n log2 n

            else:

            1. if m > 2, when we can found f'(n), that using m <= 2 and f'(n) more than f(n)
            2. so we need to prove, that (g(n) = a log a + b log b + min(a, b) * 2) g(n) = n log2 n. I didn't prove last step, but i checked it for n <= 1e5 and it is working
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              8 years ago, # ^ |
                Vote: I like it +18 Vote: I do not like it

              Idea of your solution is: "merge subtrees of each vertex". Due to if (v.size() < 2) return 0; it works like a well known technique, when we return set in dfs and merge smaller set to larger, and in your case it merges smaller subtree to larger. So it does O(NlogN) operations of merging single element, and in your implementation it is done by dfs, for each iteration of which you create 26 vectors and in total it works O(NAlogN).

              In worst case (binary tree) you do more then 200N calls of dfs(): http://ideone.com/ngO6lG

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8 years ago, # |
  Vote: I like it -15 Vote: I do not like it

Can some please explain how to approach problem E of DIV 2 ?

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    8 years ago, # ^ |
      Vote: I like it 0 Vote: I do not like it

    For bitwise operations (like AND, OR and XOR), this sort of optimization problem can be solved independently for each bit. Just evaluate and sum all variables for all (two) possible choices for bit i.

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      8 years ago, # ^ |
        Vote: I like it 0 Vote: I do not like it

      to calculate sum means to maximize the sum , mth bit of sum should be 1 , and to minimize the sum mth bit should be zero ?

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        8 years ago, # ^ |
          Vote: I like it 0 Vote: I do not like it

        No, I mean the sum of the i-th bit for all variables. If the variables have values 0xf, 0x7 and 0xd, then sum(0) = 1+1+1 = 3, sum(1) = 1+1+0 = 2, sum(2) = 1+1+1 = 3 and sum(3) = 1+0+1 = 2. Now consider only sum(i). Let a = sum(i) when choosing the i-th bit of '?' as 0 and b = sum(i) when choosing the i-th bit of '?' as 1. Choose 1 for the minimum only if b < a. Choose 1 for the maximum only if b > a.

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          8 years ago, # ^ |
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          Didn't get this part Let a = sum(i) when choosing the i-th bit of '?' as 0 and b = sum(i) when choosing the i-th bit of '?' as 1. Choose 1 for the minimum only if b < a. Choose 1 for the maximum only if b > a. Could you please explain why you are doing this ?

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            8 years ago, # ^ |
            ← Rev. 2   Vote: I like it +4 Vote: I do not like it

            Simulate the process taking ? as 0, the number of 1's is a. Do the same taking ? as 1, the number of 1's is b. Choose 1 for the minimum only if b < a. Choose 1 for the maximum only if b > a. Do this for all bits.

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            8 years ago, # ^ |
            ← Rev. 5   Vote: I like it +1 Vote: I do not like it

            Remember that where xj, i is the i-th bit of the j-th number. Then . So minimizing/maximizing is the same as minimizing/maximizing for all i. Since bitwise operations do not have carry-in or carry-out (they're bitwise!!!), we can evaluate the i-th bit for all variables (xj, i for all j) for both choices of a bit (0 and 1) and minimize/maximize for each i independently. This is why I do what I'm doing in the part you didn't get!

            Edit: And sum(i) = .

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8 years ago, # |
  Vote: I like it 0 Vote: I do not like it

Can someone tell me why I got WA on the contest 25046285 and why I needed to getline() one extra line?

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    8 years ago, # ^ |
      Vote: I like it +5 Vote: I do not like it

    TLE 54

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      8 years ago, # ^ |
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      Thanks for reply. can you explane me problem with input ? I will change my code to get AC easily.

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    8 years ago, # ^ |
    ← Rev. 2   Vote: I like it +5 Vote: I do not like it

    getline() takes input till end of line character. If you have input
    2 2
    abc
    def

    If you do cin>>a>>b and then getline(), you are actually taking empty string input terminated by EOL character of 1st line, not the 2nd.

    If you want to take line input n times, you should do
    cin>>a>>b
    getline(cin, str)
    for(i=0;i<n;i++) getline(cin, str)

    I have used getline() in my submission for this contest's Div-1 B.

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      8 years ago, # ^ |
      ← Rev. 2   Vote: I like it 0 Vote: I do not like it

      Thanks I understood story about getline(), but again I am not sure about WA, actually for me it looks that our inputs are same. Len added onlyonr getchar more and it changes result. I understood it is for new line, but again I am readin n+1 lines.

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8 years ago, # |
← Rev. 3   Vote: I like it 0 Vote: I do not like it

Hello! I tried to solve problem C-Div2 using C++ by sorting the objects by their a-b value. The complexity should be O(N*logN). I tried both sort from <algorithm and an iterative quicksort, but I got TLE on pretests 8, respectively 9. Could you please help me figure out what I did wrong?

EDIT: Code with STL sort, TLE on pretest 8: http://pastebin.com/ZkrnPpXG

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    8 years ago, # ^ |
    ← Rev. 2   Vote: I like it +1 Vote: I do not like it

    A code is usually nice to post here, if you're expecting help :) The idea is correct, though. One of the common mistakes you might have, ensure that your comparator to sort returns FALSE on equal objects.

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      8 years ago, # ^ |
        Vote: I like it 0 Vote: I do not like it

      Sorry, you're right. Here is a link to a my last submitted code that got TLE on pretest 8: http://pastebin.com/ZkrnPpXG.

      I think my cmp function makes sort skip swapping the current pair if they're equal by returning 1. Is that ok?

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        8 years ago, # ^ |
        ← Rev. 3   Vote: I like it +1 Vote: I do not like it

        https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weak_ordering Here, you may want to read this for better understanding) In short, that's not ok, replace '>' with '>=' to avoid TLE)

        P.S. Also, seems to me your solution won't work when n == k, your first cycle (after sorting) would go out of array bounds.

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        8 years ago, # ^ |
          Vote: I like it +1 Vote: I do not like it

        Or just do like this:

        bool cmp_a(obiect x, obiect y) { return x.a — x.b < y.a — y.b; }

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          8 years ago, # ^ |
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          Thank you very much!

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8 years ago, # |
  Vote: I like it +6 Vote: I do not like it

I really like this round. I think Div.2 A has a little difficult, but B and C are easy. And my classmate FizzyDavid (Codeforces.com/profile/FizzyDavid) is Div.1 rank 7 and he becomes red. My rate also has a little rise! Congratulation to him!

-- Sorry, I am a Chinese, so my English isn't good. Sorry for my bad English!

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8 years ago, # |
  Vote: I like it +17 Vote: I do not like it

Will editorials be published for this one?

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8 years ago, # |
  Vote: I like it 0 Vote: I do not like it

While this is not a huge concern in competitive programming, is there a straight forward way to read a line of input into a vector/array in C++? (Just like foo = input.split() in python)

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    8 years ago, # ^ |
      Vote: I like it +6 Vote: I do not like it

    I don't think there's a very simple way.

    I usually do this:

    char tmp[1000111];
gets(tmp);
stringstream ss(tmp);

vector<int> v;
int u;
while (ss >> u) v.push_back(u);
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      8 years ago, # ^ |
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      I am also using stringstream for the task, but feeding the string back into a stream after reading it seems to be unnecessary intuitively. :/

      (Is there a less "simple" way, but we can feed it straight into the stringstream?)

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    8 years ago, # ^ |
      Vote: I like it 0 Vote: I do not like it 
    string s;
getline(cin, s);

    should just work, since in most cases string works just like a vector

    However, be careful when using this method:

    // Input:
// 5
// abc
int n;
cin >> n;
string s;
getline(cin, s); // here s would be ""
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8 years ago, # |
  Vote: I like it 0 Vote: I do not like it

Can anyone help me figure out what I am doing wrong for div2E / div1A ?

submission

I'm trying a simple binary search on a, coupled with a linear time check to see if p is part of t. It fails test 7.

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    8 years ago, # ^ |
    ← Rev. 2   Vote: I like it 0 Vote: I do not like it

    shoud be left = mid and right = mid not mid+1 and mid-1 int case left = 2 right = 3 => mid = 2 and after that right = 1

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8 years ago, # |
← Rev. 2   Vote: I like it 0 Vote: I do not like it

Why the first one gave runtime error but second passed? 25061791 25061827

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    8 years ago, # ^ |
      Vote: I like it 0 Vote: I do not like it

    In first solution you use comparator which is wrong. It should not return true for cmp(a, a). Compare is used as a function object which returns true if the first argument is less than the second, and false otherwise.

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8 years ago, # |
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waiting for edutorial~ brute force for F seems available- -but why?

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    8 years ago, # ^ |
      Vote: I like it 0 Vote: I do not like it

    If you merge always merging the smaller subtrees into the largest one, the complexity will be O(n*logn*number of characters) as said here: http://codeforces.me/blog/entry/50658?#comment-346232 The proof is something like: You have a subtree of size 1, to use it on the merge you need some subtree of size at least 1, now you got size at least 2. Do the same, now you got 4... It's clear that you'll use some node at most logn times.

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8 years ago, # |
  Vote: I like it +40 Vote: I do not like it

where can I get editorials to div 1 problems?

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8 years ago, # |
← Rev. 2   Vote: I like it 0 Vote: I do not like it

Can somebody explain 402 D div2 in laymen trms with some test case or proper approach?

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    8 years ago, # ^ |
      Vote: I like it +1 Vote: I do not like it

    Notice that if you take out k letters from the string and you can still form the other word, then, if you take out less than k letters from the string, you can still form the other word. Then, you could see what happens if you take 1, 2, 3, etc. letters from the original string and see if even without those letters, you can form the other word. Of course, this is too slow to pass. Then, we have to binary search the amount of letters we can take, while being able to form the second string. For each length, evaluate if the original string minus the first k indexes still contains the objective string. If it does, you can take out more indexes. Else, you must take less indexes. My submission: 25066942

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8 years ago, # |
  Vote: I like it 0 Vote: I do not like it

screenshot screenshot

My submissions did not get judged by system test but got rank-changed. I register late in the extra registration after contest start. Is this an intended system behavior or a bug?

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    8 years ago, # ^ |
      Vote: I like it 0 Vote: I do not like it

    This does seem like a bug. I have joined in on extra registration before and rest of it is completely normal, Post Tests should have run for your submissions.

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8 years ago, # |
  Vote: I like it -34 Vote: I do not like it

it should be unrated

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8 years ago, # |
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Why haven't we got the editorials till now ?? They should have been uploaded by now :)

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8 years ago, # |
← Rev. 5   Vote: I like it 0 Vote: I do not like it

Sorry I mistake

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7 years ago, # |
  Vote: I like it 0 Vote: I do not like it

Can someone please explain the statement for Div1 C? Is it necessary that after eliminating the pth letter all words to be different? So that the language will have the same amount of words?

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