Блог пользователя awoo

Автор awoo, история, 9 месяцев назад, По-русски

1923A - Перемещение фишек

Идея: BledDest

Разбор
Решение (BledDest)

1923B - Монстры атакуют!

Идея: BledDest

Разбор
Решение (Neon)

1923C - Найти B

Идея: Roms

Разбор
Решение (Roms)

1923D - Слизни

Идея: BledDest

Разбор
Решение (Neon)

1923E - Посчитай пути

Идея: BledDest

Разбор
Решение (awoo)

1923F - Shrink-Reverse

Идея: adedalic

Разбор
Решение (adedalic)
  • Проголосовать: нравится
  • +62
  • Проголосовать: не нравится

»
9 месяцев назад, # |
  Проголосовать: нравится +5 Проголосовать: не нравится

I think E has same idea as this

»
9 месяцев назад, # |
  Проголосовать: нравится +6 Проголосовать: не нравится

Problem C video Editorial : YOUTUBE VIDEO LINK Audio : English

  • »
    »
    9 месяцев назад, # ^ |
    Rev. 2   Проголосовать: нравится -35 Проголосовать: не нравится

    Bro in problem C why we can not only check the no. of ones in subarray, if no. of one is greater than (r-l)/2 than not possible . why my solution fail can you tell me. Pease Don't downvote me.

    • »
      »
      »
      9 месяцев назад, # ^ |
      Rev. 4   Проголосовать: нравится +5 Проголосовать: не нравится

      Test case :

      1

      6 1

      1 1 1 1 4 4

      1 6

      You can choose array b as : 2 2 2 2 2 2

      The main thing is ... You have to place 1 (in array b) on the elements which are not equal to 1 (in array a). and After placing 1, the remaining sum should be distributed among the elements which are 1 in array a. I hope it is clear

      You can refer to the video solution for detailed explanation.

    • »
      »
      »
      9 месяцев назад, # ^ |
        Проголосовать: нравится +13 Проголосовать: не нравится

      bro sent your code as a spoiler or as a link

      • »
        »
        »
        »
        9 месяцев назад, # ^ |
          Проголосовать: нравится +3 Проголосовать: не нравится

        Bro why is so dowvnvotes in my question

        • »
          »
          »
          »
          »
          9 месяцев назад, # ^ |
          Rev. 2   Проголосовать: нравится 0 Проголосовать: не нравится

          Because of the way you wrote the code in your comment, the first few lines have a very large font size , and the rest are very small with no ne lines for each statement , it's not readable and it takes up a lot of space.it's a common practice to put your code in a spoiler

»
9 месяцев назад, # |
Rev. 2   Проголосовать: нравится +104 Проголосовать: не нравится

E can be solved linearly.

edit : I lost some rating but I think the problems were very nice :)

  • »
    »
    9 месяцев назад, # ^ |
      Проголосовать: нравится +7 Проголосовать: не нравится

    It was very beautiful solution.

  • »
    »
    9 месяцев назад, # ^ |
    Rev. 2   Проголосовать: нравится +3 Проголосовать: не нравится

    Can you explain this solution a bit ,like what is going in the dfs call

    • »
      »
      »
      9 месяцев назад, # ^ |
        Проголосовать: нравится +15 Проголосовать: не нравится

      At any point in the dfs, we keep track of how many beautiful paths we can create if we encounter every given color (the array stores it). So when we enter a vertex in the dfs, we can increment the beautiful path counter by the value for the color in the array.

      Then, on each subtree we explore from this new call to dfs, we just need to reset the value of the current color to 1, because it will block any path to previously visited vertices of the same color.

      Finally, when leaving the dfs, we should increase the initial value of the current color by one, because there will be one more beautiful path if we encounter the same color again. Try drawing what happens, it helps.

  • »
    »
    9 месяцев назад, # ^ |
      Проголосовать: нравится +3 Проголосовать: не нравится

    Outstanding solution, thank you for sharing!

  • »
    »
    9 месяцев назад, # ^ |
      Проголосовать: нравится -12 Проголосовать: не нравится

    Wow, exactly like my solution: 248115690. The human brain is mysterious!

  • »
    »
    8 месяцев назад, # ^ |
      Проголосовать: нравится 0 Проголосовать: не нравится

    So elegant!

»
9 месяцев назад, # |
  Проголосовать: нравится +1 Проголосовать: не нравится

Wow, I just see a solution of E which takes $$$O(n)$$$ time. It just uses 1 DFS to calculate the result synchronously just by how we will do to find out the result of one color.

»
9 месяцев назад, # |
Rev. 5   Проголосовать: нравится 0 Проголосовать: не нравится

I solved E with centroid decomposition (which is $$$O(n log n)$$$) but got TLE.247977712

But the Editorial says authors were expecting $$$O(n log^2 n)$$$ solutions. I'm confused.

  • »
    »
    9 месяцев назад, # ^ |
      Проголосовать: нравится +5 Проголосовать: не нравится

    Are you sure it is $$$O(n log n)$$$? It can't pass even if you increase time limit to $$$15$$$ seconds.

    • »
      »
      »
      9 месяцев назад, # ^ |
      Rev. 13   Проголосовать: нравится 0 Проголосовать: не нравится

      I check it again, I think all the things I do in function CD is linear.

      $$$T(n) = 2T(\frac{n}{2})+O(12 n)$$$(worst case of recurrance) implies that my solution has a time complexity of $$$O(n log n)$$$(Master theorem). Maybe I implement something wrong.(Or learnt centroid decomposition or Master theorem in the wrong way?)

      Btw, how did you know my code would TLE even if the time limit was 15 seconds?

      • »
        »
        »
        »
        9 месяцев назад, # ^ |
        Rev. 3   Проголосовать: нравится +1 Проголосовать: не нравится

        You can create a mashup and increase TL to 15 seconds. I don't know centroid decomposition lol:(

      • »
        »
        »
        »
        9 месяцев назад, # ^ |
          Проголосовать: нравится +7 Проголосовать: не нравится

        I checked again. It works $$$8$$$ seconds on test where $$$t = 1, n = 20000, a[i] = 1$$$ and graph edges = $$$(1, 2), (2, 3), (3, 4)$$$, .... So i think it's $$$n^2$$$.

        • »
          »
          »
          »
          »
          9 месяцев назад, # ^ |
          Rev. 5   Проголосовать: нравится +11 Проголосовать: не нравится

          Yes, you are probably right, my solution should be $$$O(n log n)$$$ indeed. However, the way i find centroids is wrong, causing my solution having $$$O(n^2)$$$ complexity. I fixed that and got AC.

          Thanks a lot!

»
9 месяцев назад, # |
  Проголосовать: нравится 0 Проголосовать: не нравится

Hello Codeforces! Please explain what virtual trees are (they are used in the second solution of the problem E).

»
9 месяцев назад, # |
Rev. 2   Проголосовать: нравится 0 Проголосовать: не нравится

Need Help.

Why does this solution give tle while the one given in editorial passes for the problem 1923E - Count Paths.

248160733

  • »
    »
    9 месяцев назад, # ^ |
      Проголосовать: нравится 0 Проголосовать: не нравится

    It's probably because you are merging everything into the parent instead of merging smaller children into the largest child. Merging everything means more merging work, which takes more time.

»
9 месяцев назад, # |
Rev. 2   Проголосовать: нравится 0 Проголосовать: не нравится

Can someone please tell on which case this is failing?

Spoiler
»
9 месяцев назад, # |
  Проголосовать: нравится 0 Проголосовать: не нравится

I had an idea that works in O(n):

Check this code:

https://codeforces.me/contest/1923/submission/247999826

»
9 месяцев назад, # |
Rev. 2   Проголосовать: нравится +5 Проголосовать: не нравится

i have solved E linearly. Here is the solution

here ans[c] means how many visited nodes of color c are available to be the first vertex .

when we are going forward we can only add 1 node of that color with new node. And when we go backward we are getting 1 extra node to add with new nodes.

»
9 месяцев назад, # |
  Проголосовать: нравится 0 Проголосовать: не нравится

In problem B, why is it always optimal to hit the nearest monster? There can be a possibility that there was another monster far away with much much greater health, and if certain bullets were not provided to them within the starting seconds, they would definitely hit the origin.

  • »
    »
    9 месяцев назад, # ^ |
      Проголосовать: нравится 0 Проголосовать: не нравится

    If that's the case, then you are doomed, since if you don't kill the closer monster first he will kill you before the further monster reaches you.

»
9 месяцев назад, # |
  Проголосовать: нравится 0 Проголосовать: не нравится

I would love to know if someone can tell me why my solution to problem C is so slow (2308 ms)

  • »
    »
    9 месяцев назад, # ^ |
      Проголосовать: нравится 0 Проголосовать: не нравится

    I think it's because you used endl instead of '\n' at the end of outputting a new line. I don't quite know how this works exactly but endl does a operation called "flushing" after it outputs while '\n' doesn't. You might also want to add the following to improve your IO speed (This will only work with \n, endl will still slow your IO speed even if you add this code):

    ios_base::sync_with_stdio(false);
    cin.tie(nullptr);
    

    Here is my submission with endl and this code (1185 ms): submission

    Here is my submission with '\n' and this code (296 ms): submission

    For further information on how this works read this USACO guide article: Link

    • »
      »
      »
      9 месяцев назад, # ^ |
        Проголосовать: нравится 0 Проголосовать: не нравится

      Thank you for your comment but I have defined endl as "\n"! Ill' add those 2 lines, thanks!

    • »
      »
      »
      9 месяцев назад, # ^ |
        Проголосовать: нравится 0 Проголосовать: не нравится

      yes, that's correct i also getting reduced time with 186ms from 982ms but just writing those to lines...

»
9 месяцев назад, # |
  Проголосовать: нравится 0 Проголосовать: не нравится

The third case in Tutorial-C: If this sum is greater than ...

Change 'greater' to 'smaller'.

»
9 месяцев назад, # |
  Проголосовать: нравится +5 Проголосовать: не нравится

You can use divide and conquer on tree to solve problem E easily in $$$O(n \log n)$$$ too. It is easy to think.

  • »
    »
    9 месяцев назад, # ^ |
    Rev. 2   Проголосовать: нравится 0 Проголосовать: не нравится

    yeah, just use centroid decomposition. But I use an unordered set and could AC it. How can you do it in Nlogn?

»
9 месяцев назад, # |
  Проголосовать: нравится 0 Проголосовать: не нравится

If someone want to consult a centroid decomposition + set solution can see my submission: 248033502. My idea: I can count the number of way cross the centroid node for all node and use set to manage the first node in DFS way has color C.

»
9 месяцев назад, # |
  Проголосовать: нравится 0 Проголосовать: не нравится

I am unable to understand why the solution to problem E has time complexity O(n log^2 n ). For every node, we are iteration through all the children, and then for every child we are iterating through every color it has. Can someone explain it to me?

  • »
    »
    9 месяцев назад, # ^ |
    Rev. 2   Проголосовать: нравится 0 Проголосовать: не нравится

    It's a type of "DSU Merging". When a vertice's color set is iterated, the destination set size must be at least twice of the original one, so the total movement is at most $$$O(\log n)$$$ for each node, then the final movement is at most $$$O(n \log n)$$$. With the complexity of map, the final complexity is $$$O(n \log^2 n)$$$.

»
9 месяцев назад, # |
  Проголосовать: нравится 0 Проголосовать: не нравится

I think there are some mistakes in tutorial for problem 1923C — Find B

To answer query l , r at first let's try to find the array b with the minimum value of ∑bi . For this, for indexes i , where ci=1 we have to set bi=2 , and for indexes i , where ci>i we have to set bi=1 . Thus, the sum of all elements in array b equal to cnt1⋅2+(r−l+1)−cnt1 or (r−l+1)+cnt1

. Now we have three cases:

If this sum is greater than ∑ri=lci then the answer is NO

If this sum is equal to ∑ri=lci then the answer is YES

If this sum is greater than ∑ri=lci then we can add this excess to the maximal element in array b In this case, the answer is YES

instead of ci>i, shouldn't it be ci>1 ?

In third case, shouldn't it be smaller instead of greater?

»
9 месяцев назад, # |
  Проголосовать: нравится 0 Проголосовать: не нравится

My solution for C got hacked. It seems somes python solutions are just taking more time. Can somebody explain ?

def f(c,l,r):
  if l == r:
    return False
  return c[r]-c[l-1] >= 0

def solve():
  n,q = list(map(int,input().split()))
  a = list(map(int,input().split()))
  b = [ -1 if x == 1 else x - 1 for x in a]  
  
  c = [0] 
  for i in range(n):
    c.append(c[-1]+b[i])

  for i in range(q): 
    l,r = map(int,input().split())
    if f(c, l, r): 
      print('yes')
    else:
      print('no')

   
t = int(input())
for _ in range(t):
  solve()
»
9 месяцев назад, # |
  Проголосовать: нравится +3 Проголосовать: не нравится

About F's fact 4, two binary strings should have same number of '1'. Is it true?

  • »
    »
    9 месяцев назад, # ^ |
      Проголосовать: нравится 0 Проголосовать: не нравится

    If $$$s1=s2$$$, there will be same number of $$$1$$$'s. Otherwise, $$$s1<s2$$$ or $$$s2<s1$$$, and they don't have the same number of $$$1$$$'s. The same relationship will hold between $$$s1'$$$ and $$$s2'$$$ since the fact mentions that we are replacing the same number of $$$0$$$'s with $$$1$$$'s in both strings.

    For this problem though, $$$s1'$$$ and $$$s2'$$$ will always contain the same number of $$$1$$$'s. But this condition is not necessary for $$$s1$$$ and $$$s2$$$.

»
9 месяцев назад, # |
Rev. 2   Проголосовать: нравится 0 Проголосовать: не нравится

I solved E using stack for each color.

Here is my solution: 248216745

»
9 месяцев назад, # |
Rev. 2   Проголосовать: нравится 0 Проголосовать: не нравится

Can someone tell me why my solution for B is not working.

My Submission

Approach — stored the sorted vector (distance,hp) in vector p. Then,iterated through vector p and for each monster, calculated the time it would need to be killed by the forumla hp/k. also calculated bullets left in extra. at the start of each iteration , subtracted extra bullets

»
9 месяцев назад, # |
Rev. 2   Проголосовать: нравится 0 Проголосовать: не нравится

D was a realy good question. Great Contest

»
9 месяцев назад, # |
Rev. 3   Проголосовать: нравится 0 Проголосовать: не нравится

Explaining Tourist's Solution to D Problem

Objective: For each slime, find min no of operations to eat that slime. One Operation is eating of one slime by an adjacent bigger slime.

Some observations:

  • For each slime, if there is a bigger slime to immediate left/right, then ans for this slime = 1.

Now in other cases

  • If there is a consecutive set of equal-sized slimes, they can't do any operation on each other.

  • Any merging operation to make a bigger slime are made either to the LEFT or RIGHT, not including the index of the slime.

  • Looking at one side (left or right), there must be at least 2 different-sized slimes on this side.

  • Since eventually the adjacent slime needs to get bigger than the current slime, we need to look for the min slimes to include on one side, which has its prefix sum > current slime size, and no of distinct slimes > 1.

  • Since the prefix sum is monotonous for a contiguous range, we can perform binary search on both side to find the min number of slimes to include to satisfy the condition.

  • Explanation of setting limits for binary search: LEFT keep the lo limit at 0, and hi limit at the largest index where slime size is not equal to that of the slime to the immediate left of current slime. Because need to ensure at least 2 different-sized slimes be included in the range.

Pre-processing:

  • l(n) and r(n) : Store the begin and end index of the contiguous equal-sized slime windows.
  • p(n+1) : prefix sum array : its monotonicity property helps use binary search.

Overall Time Complexity: O(nlogn)

  • O(n) time for preprocessing

  • O(nlogn) time for the core implementation: logn time to binary search to LEFT and RIGHT of the current index.

»
9 месяцев назад, # |
  Проголосовать: нравится 0 Проголосовать: не нравится

I lost rating, but I enjoyed the challenging problems.

»
9 месяцев назад, # |
  Проголосовать: нравится 0 Проголосовать: не нравится

248285844 Problem D Whats wrong with my code please someone help. I just don't get why am i getting wrong answer.

  • »
    »
    9 месяцев назад, # ^ |
    Rev. 3   Проголосовать: нравится 0 Проголосовать: не нравится

    Try checking the ok condition before starting the binary search. Sorry , you have already done it. I juat saw it

    • »
      »
      »
      9 месяцев назад, # ^ |
        Проголосовать: нравится 0 Проголосовать: не нравится

      I found the mistake. I was using return type 'int' for 'summ', but shouldn't it give integer overflow for this?

»
9 месяцев назад, # |
  Проголосовать: нравится 0 Проголосовать: не нравится

For Problem E, I came up with this simple solution.

void dfs(int s, int p, vector<int> *adj, map<int,int> &m, ll &ans, vector<int> &a){
    ans += m[a[s]];
    int t = m[a[s]];
    for(int u:adj[s]){
        if(u==p)
            continue;
        m[a[s]]=1;
        dfs(u,s,adj,m,ans,a);
    }
    m[a[s]]=t+1;
}
// not pasting template here, scan -> cin, print -> cout
void solve()
{
    int n;
    scan(n);
    vector<int> a(n);
    vscan(a);
    vector<int> adj[n];
    for(int i=0; i<n-1; i++){
        int x,y;
        cin>>x>>y;
        adj[x-1].push_back(y-1);
        adj[y-1].push_back(x-1);
    }
    map<int,int> m;
    ll ans = 0;
    dfs(0,-1,adj,m,ans,a);
    print(ans);
    return;
}
  • »
    »
    9 месяцев назад, # ^ |
      Проголосовать: нравится 0 Проголосовать: не нравится

    Nice solution, you can replace your map with an array for a better complexity.

  • »
    »
    9 месяцев назад, # ^ |
      Проголосовать: нравится 0 Проголосовать: не нравится

    Would you like to explain ?

    • »
      »
      »
      8 месяцев назад, # ^ |
        Проголосовать: нравится 0 Проголосовать: не нравится

      Whenever you visit a node s, a[s] is the value of that node. m[a[s]] will take count of how many nodes have value a[s] before this node with which we can make pair, I mean no other a[s] comes in a way.

      Suppose you visit s, than for a node lying in its subtree there is no other way to make pair instead of s, because s comes in between any other s. So making m[a[s]]=1

      While coming out of the highest level s increasing the number of s by 1 for next s.

»
9 месяцев назад, # |
  Проголосовать: нравится 0 Проголосовать: не нравится

can we solve C using sparse table ?

»
9 месяцев назад, # |
  Проголосовать: нравится 0 Проголосовать: не нравится

can we solve C using sparse table ?

»
9 месяцев назад, # |
Rev. 2   Проголосовать: нравится 0 Проголосовать: не нравится

Can anybody tell , for problem 2 why this code is giving error on test case 2 , https://codeforces.me/contest/1923/submission/248233287

»
9 месяцев назад, # |
  Проголосовать: нравится 0 Проголосовать: не нравится

For problem D : Can anyone tell why is this code giving wrong answer??248345962

»
9 месяцев назад, # |
Rev. 2   Проголосовать: нравится 0 Проголосовать: не нравится

Can someone explain why jiangly's solution to problem E works in O(Nlog^2N). I know it utilizes small to large merging, but why does merging by the size of color sets yield that complexity? When we merge some node's children, set size won't necessarily go up 2x. For example combining sets (1,2,3) and (1,2,3) will give us (1,2,3) again, so the regular proof does not apply here.

Edit: Nvm, I neglected the fact that number of colors is always less or equal than the number of nodes in a subtree. The proof is trivial.

»
9 месяцев назад, # |
  Проголосовать: нравится 0 Проголосовать: не нравится

How does one come up with solutions like that of problem C? :/

  • »
    »
    8 месяцев назад, # ^ |
      Проголосовать: нравится 0 Проголосовать: не нравится

    The goal is to make the elements different from the original, whilst not changing the sum.

    An easy thing to do, is decrement one number and increment another. By doing this, we've changed both the numbers from the original whilst still having the same sum.

    Now obviously, we cannot decrement 1, because the third rule states any number must be > 0. Therefore, we are forced to increment all 1s, and forced to decrement all numbers > 1.

    It's easy to see that this is only possible, if the total of all numbers > 1 is not less than the total of numbers equal to 1.

    We can then, of course answer the range queries using prefix/suffix sum.

»
9 месяцев назад, # |
  Проголосовать: нравится 0 Проголосовать: не нравится

I do not understand why does my submission not pass the second test case and what am I doing wrong here. Can someone please explain? 248388078

»
9 месяцев назад, # |
Rev. 2   Проголосовать: нравится 0 Проголосовать: не нравится

I made video editorial for E discussing the DP idea (excluding the small to large trick).

I also made a contest with easy version of problem E and some followup problems. Access it here

»
9 месяцев назад, # |
Rev. 4   Проголосовать: нравится 0 Проголосовать: не нравится

Thanks

»
9 месяцев назад, # |
Rev. 2   Проголосовать: нравится +6 Проголосовать: не нравится

Problem F's "Fact 4",You should specify that s'1 and s'2 have the same number of 1s , otherwise your statement is wrong.

s1=1000011 s2=1000100 k-1=2 s'1=1001111 s'2=1000111 s1 < s2 and s'1 > s'2

»
9 месяцев назад, # |
Rev. 2   Проголосовать: нравится 0 Проголосовать: не нравится

For E with Virtual Trees — I think you can do just an modified Euler walk of the tree first, and then walk on only the nodes of the same color in the order of the Euler walk: it will be eqv. to doing DFS on the Virtual Tree. So should be easy to do DP in each node for all its top-level children with/without being a direct descendent of the parent.

The final complexity should be just O(n), better than the O(n log n) of the tutorial.

The modification of the walk is that you put the node each time you visit it, not only first & last time.

»
9 месяцев назад, # |
Rev. 2   Проголосовать: нравится 0 Проголосовать: не нравится

can someone give me the testcase where this solution (https://codeforces.me/contest/1923/submission/248724413)

»
9 месяцев назад, # |
  Проголосовать: нравится 0 Проголосовать: не нравится

In problem D,my code got a "Wrong Answer" on test 2. Can anyone give me a hack? Many thanks.

https://codeforces.me/contest/1923/submission/248850524

»
9 месяцев назад, # |
  Проголосовать: нравится 0 Проголосовать: не нравится

Problem C : what's the mistake in this code? Please help. https://codeforces.me/contest/1923/submission/249311392

»
9 месяцев назад, # |
  Проголосовать: нравится 0 Проголосовать: не нравится

Is there a typo for the editorial for problem C? Should it be, "and for indexes $$$i$$$, where $$$c_i > 1$$$" instead of $$$c_i > i$$$? That makes more sense to me.

»
7 месяцев назад, # |
  Проголосовать: нравится 0 Проголосовать: не нравится

How Can We Do Problem B using Dynamic Programming?

»
7 месяцев назад, # |
  Проголосовать: нравится 0 Проголосовать: не нравится

How can we do B using DP?