Solution
Tutorial is loading...
Code
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
int main() {
int t; cin >> t;
for(int tc = 1; tc <= t; ++tc) {
int n; cin >> n;
int mn = INT_MAX, mx = INT_MIN;
for(int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
int x; cin >> x;
mn = min(mn, x);
mx = max(mx, x);
}
if(mn < 0) cout << mn << '\n';
else cout << mx << '\n';
}
}
1838B - Minimize Permutation Subarrays
Solution
Tutorial is loading...
Code
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
#define N 200010
int idx[N];
int main() {
int t; cin >> t;
for(int tc = 1; tc <= t; ++tc) {
int n; cin >> n;
for(int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) {
int x; cin >> x;
idx[x] = i;
}
if(idx[n] < min(idx[1], idx[2])) {
cout << idx[n] << ' ' << min(idx[1], idx[2]) << '\n';
} else if(idx[n] > max(idx[1], idx[2])) {
cout << idx[n] << ' ' << max(idx[1], idx[2]) << '\n';
} else {
cout << idx[1] << ' ' << idx[2] << '\n';
}
}
}
Solution
Tutorial is loading...
Code
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
int main() {
int t; cin >> t;
for(int tc = 1; tc <= t; ++tc) {
int n, m; cin >> n >> m;
for(int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
for(int j = 0; j < m; ++j) {
if(i % 2 == 0) cout << (n / 2 + i / 2) * m + j + 1 << ' ';
else cout << (i / 2) * m + j + 1 << ' ';
}
cout << '\n';
}
}
}
Solution
Tutorial is loading...
Code
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
int main() {
int n, q; string s;
cin >> n >> q >> s;
set<int> a;
for(int i = 1; i <= n; ++i)
if((i % 2) != (s[i - 1] == '('))
a.insert(i);
while(q--) {
int i; cin >> i;
if(a.count(i)) a.erase(i);
else a.insert(i);
if(n % 2) cout << "NO\n";
else if(a.size() && (*a.begin() % 2 || !(*a.rbegin() % 2))) cout << "NO\n";
else cout << "YES\n";
}
}
Solution
Tutorial is loading...
Code
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
typedef long long int ll;
ll M = 1000000007;
ll pw(ll a, ll p) { return p ? pw(a * a % M, p / 2) * (p & 1 ? a : 1) % M : 1; }
ll inv(ll a) { return pw(a, M - 2); }
int main() {
ll t; cin >> t;
for(ll tc = 1; tc <= t; ++tc) {
ll n, m, k, ai;
cin >> n >> m >> k;
for(ll i = 0; i < n; ++i) cin >> ai;
ll ans = pw(k, m), mCi = 1;
for(ll i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
ans = (ans + M - mCi * pw(k - 1, m - i) % M) % M;
mCi = mCi * (m - i) % M * inv(i + 1) % M;
}
cout << ans << '\n';
}
}
Solution
Tutorial is loading...
Code
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
char grid[110][110];
int n;
vector<pair<int, int>> snake;
map<pair<int, int>, char> getChar = {
{{1, 0}, 'v'},
{{-1, 0}, '^'},
{{0, 1}, '>'},
{{0, -1}, '<'}
};
pair<pair<int, int>, char> getBeltAndDir(pair<int, int> p) {
if(p.first == -1) return {p, 'X'};
pair<int, int> q = p;
if(p.first == 0) q.first++;
if(p.second == 0) q.second++;
if(p.first > n) q.first--;
if(p.second > n) q.second--;
return {q, getChar[{p.first - q.first, p.second - q.second}]};
}
pair<pair<int, int>, char> query(int idx) {
cout << "? " << snake[idx].first << ' ' << snake[idx].second << endl;
for(int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) {
for(int j = 1; j <= n; ++j)
cout << grid[i][j];
cout << endl;
}
int i, j; cin >> i >> j;
return getBeltAndDir({i, j});
}
void fillGrid() {
for(int i = 0; i < n * n; ++i) {
int dx = snake[i + 1].first - snake[i].first;
int dy = snake[i + 1].second - snake[i].second;
grid[snake[i].first][snake[i].second] = getChar[{dx, dy}];
}
}
int main() {
cin >> n;
for(int i = 1; i <= n; ++i)
if(i % 2 == 0)
for(int j = n; j >= 1; --j)
snake.emplace_back(i, j);
else
for(int j = 1; j <= n; ++j)
snake.emplace_back(i, j);
snake.emplace_back(n + 1, (n % 2 ? n : 1));
fillGrid();
auto ans = query(0);
if(ans.second != 'X') {
snake.pop_back();
reverse(snake.begin(), snake.end());
snake.emplace_back(0, 1);
fillGrid();
ans = query(0);
}
if(ans.second == 'X') {
int id = 0;
for(int j = 13; j >= 0; --j)
if(id + (1 << j) < n * n && query(id + (1 << j)).second == 'X')
id += (1 << j);
ans.first = snake[id];
for(int i = 1; i <= n; ++i)
for(int j = 1; j <= n; ++j)
if(i < ans.first.first) grid[i][j] = '^';
else if(i > ans.first.first) grid[i][j] = 'v';
else grid[i][j] = j < ans.first.second ? '<' : '>';
ans.second = query(id).second;
}
cout << "! " << ans.first.first << ' ' << ans.first.second << ' ' << ans.second << endl;
}
my mistake : (
.
Too many downvotes expected!
But your reply is late
very observational tasks....found c easier than a and b
What's your output for 3 7 ?
n and m are bigger than 3
Wtf!!!
I have wasted more than a hour finding solution for this case.
it happens :). I started writing down key points and constraints before attempting.
n,m>=4
There is 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 13 14 8 17 18 19 20 21 15 16
length should be 21
It is
The only sizes that aren't solvable are 2x2 and 2x3. Below are some solutions for other small sizes:
Making sure that columns with difference 3 aren't adjacent
if any of the side has even size. answer is pretty easy. try to proveit for 9 * 3.
1 10 19
2 11 20
3 12 21
4 13 22
5 14 23
6 15 24
7 16 25 8 17 26 9 18 27sorry my bad, basically what I meant was,, try some odd numbers which has, prime * 3 dimensions, it will be difficult...
11 * 3 , or 17 * 3 , 19 * 3 , 7 * 3 ...
Patters will not emerge...
U have to do lot of head-banging.
we can take first odd then all even
at junction of even and odd its not hard to find (odd-even) to be composite number like 1,7,13,19,25,31,4,10,16,22,28 .in fact we can prove the junction will always be 3k ,k>1 provided prime>3.
Good contest
Enjoyed problem C. Good Contest
I can't even solve C :(
i have solve C before A.
I spent about 1.5 hours, but I cannot come up with any ideas :(
sometimes it happen, like today i cannot figure out solution for A faster.
Sorry for my bad English. Can you please share some problems like today C. I always struggle in such type of question.
I guess this is a similar one :
https://codeforces.me/problemset/problem/1783/B
Same
I can't even solve B :(
Forgot the case s[1] = ')' or s[n] = '(' ToT
lol same T-T. That's why my color was turned TvT
Good contest and fast tutorial! But I can only solve one problem.
hope u will do better in upcoming contests.
Thank you for your encouragement! I'll keep up the good work! I hope I can complete two questions in the next competition.
...
Video Editorial for B
Video Editorial for C
Credits to Dominater069 orz for C idea
need D and E.
rkb_rd video editorial for E
based on Geothermal's solution
fast editorial!
I've had this argument with quite a number of people, but can you explain how you can approach C without brute forcing random patterns?
make difference between adjacent numbers in every row is 1.
for column, try to make difference a even number if any of n or m is composite otherwise multiple of m.
A good idea about solving problem D! I didn't expect the implementation of D to be so simple.
Agreed, the implementation for my idea for D is really tedious, I did not notice using the parity and bracket pair allows me to keep track of what I needed. Pretty nice solution overall!
I found it cool that problems were not that standard, unlike usual div2s.
Please show me a recent div2 that had "standard" problems.
Well, yesterday's contest for example (C was implementing a simple recursion and D was standard DP) and many others, and, in general, every educational round. I feel Div2 medium/hard problems are usually standard.
Short solution of A — E. Impressive
I enjoyed solving C most, it was a nice problem !
Hit or miss forces
Yeah, same.
yeah lgms just have better luck so they hit more often
Man went from 129th to almost 8000th in mere 24hrs dead emoji
I felt the same, btw
lol opposite for me :alive:
You forgot to be become CM
Well done!
Almost solved E once again :(. Didn't notice that you don't need the values of array $$$a$$$ to count $$$dp$$$. Enjoyed the round, although I can see there are not so many people who have the same feelings
:)
Anyone please help me out how to solve B and C questions in Div2. I got stuck many times in it.
I had practice many questions but still am facing this issue.
Try participating in more contests and even virtual contests. And upsolve after the contest.
I had exactly the same problem (I still struggle with 3 sometimes), I suggest you solve problems from other websites especially leetcode. Also learn about prefix arrays,modular arthimatic and the very basics of DP and Graphs. Good Luck :)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GusESkLoLcA&ab_channel=tyroWhiz
Solutions from A-D and my insights on E
Is D well known trick? Why so many ACs...
editorial seems like magic but trust me its not
if you try to consider what happens when (( occurs, its trivial
If you read basically anyone's AC solution, they maintain the position of occurrences of (( and )), which is the natural solution.
The editorial's "( in an even index" is magic. So many people got AC because it's unnecessary magic.
Yep, agree
Was I the only one to submit a brute-force recursion-with-backtracking solution for problem C?
The worst-case time complexity is high, but it runs fast in practice because the problem is not very constrained.
Perfect editorial
Is it just me who enjoys Ds that are more algorithm and implementation heavy and not Ds that are like "because math something something cout << i-am-clown is always the correct answer"
I too enjoy not thinking and getting my way through life as such. Unfortunately, this is often not possible.
based reply, honestly these people make me so mad, they just dont want to think, and then get annoyed when problems need you to think
Is there any problem that doesn't require you to think?
i think you know what i meant "needs you to think".
div2 abc problems that wud need ds would definitely need you not to think. (maybe if using easier ds)
I cant find a segtree problem fit for div2C difficulty aside from the trivial ones.
the core of the issue is : you cant have easy problems with data structurs because beginners should not be expected to have much knowledge of them. as maroonrk puts it, a problem should have thinking >>> knowledge. I would like to see a div2C in a 6 problem contest which uses ds and still follows that above principle
Can someone please explain why this brute-force idea for A is incorrect? 0) if there is a negative integer that is obviously the answer.
1) insert all the elements in the array in a set. This set keeps track of all the elements which is impossible to get through the absolute difference of any 2 elements in the array.
2) Use nested for loops(n^2) and iterate through the array(not set) and check the absolute difference of every 2 elements in the array. If this absolute difference is present in the set, remove this from the set.
3) the element still remaining in the set, this must be one of the possible answers because of the fact that this element was impossible to get through any 2 elements' absolute difference.
code link: https://codeforces.me/contest/1838/submission/208442311
hello,
first of all — set is not good thing if you have equal numbers.
second, you should check in your solution that removed element is not the one of the elements that you have considered as a difference.
ooooooohhhhhhh right, thanks a lot. I was breaking my head for over an hour.
thanks, a lot. That wrong submission cost me 200 ranks :(
edit: the brute force got accepted with a single-line fix. :)
https://codeforces.me/contest/1838/submission/208520942
Here's my thought process for ABC, hopefully it helps people understand how to come up with the solution. Sometimes it seems unintuitive but it is possible.
A: We notice that negative numbers are abit sus from the sample testcases, how come theres only 1 or 2 negative numbers? Then realise because we are taking absolute difference the rest of the numbers are positive, so negative numbers can only appear at the very start => meaning, if we see a negative number we just print it. Else, there is no negative numbers, what to do? If theres no negative numbers, because we are taking absolute difference we can just take the maximum value in the array, as we can only get smaller values in the future by taking absolute differences. Therefore: if min < 0 print min, else print max
B: Ok we want to minimise the number of permutation subarrays => What is the minimum value? Can we always get 1 and [1...n] as the only permutations? Ok idk if its possible, let me check the testcase: It seems that this is always possible after checking all the testcase. Therefore, we want only 1 and 1...n as the permutations, how to do so? See that if we place 1 and n beside each other, it may be good because every subsequent subarray afterwards that contains [1,n] will never be a smaller permutation. However we see from the testcase that ...2 1 n is still bad, because we only need 1 and 1...n as the permutations. 2 is pesky, so let us place it away from 1 so that we can never get 1,2 as a subarray. Ok how to do so? realise that 1, n, 2 and 2, n, 1 will be correct, so let us just make this pattern and we can ignore the rest of the subarrays. We can ignore the rest because we will always have [1,n] together without any other permutations formed
C: Constructive, seems that many people are able to solve in the contest => Solution must be quite simple, aka spot the pattern or trick and the rest will fall out. Ok, seems that we need to find a simple solution, do not tunnel vision into the first approach you have! Try out a few different approaches and see which one is the most simple to implement and easier to extend: For example, I tunnel visioned into grouping all the even / odd numbers together, and then at the border of odd / even we need to make everything 1. Seems complex, so lets discard that idea (unfortunately I tunneled too hard into random ideas). Ok let us think of a very naive solution, for 4x4, we can try out 1 2 3 4 ... 14 15 16. Wow seems like it works, is it simple? yes, is it easier to extend? Hopefully. Realise that for 5x5 this doesnt work. Key insight: Think of why it doesnt work instead of just trying out other random approaches. Ok it doesn't work because the next row is +m, and m is 5. Ok so how to make the rows better? If we just think of why it doesn't work, can we possibly modify or extend this idea to make it work? Turns out, if we make the rows +2m +2m and so on, it will not be prime. So: we can place the even rows at the top and the odd rows at the bottom to make sure this difference is indeed > m and a multiple of m.
Hope this helps
the point of "Don't tunnel vision into the same approach" is really important. I was lucky to have got the right approach on the first try, usually I tend to stick to one idea a lot ;)
Unfortunately I had all sorts of weird ideas like boxing the last column into the last m guys, zig zag, spiral, diagonals, grouping even odds together and making the borders 1, trying odd / even in a way that if n,m is odd we make the border zigzagged, making +4 +4 +4 and so on. If only I thought of simpler ideas I might have gotten it during the contest. At least I learnt something new I guess.
Can you please explain how you coded Problem B: I got the idea partially but couldn't be able to implement it. Same for Problem C, i got if any n or m is even, we can simply have our grid, otherwise we have to keep the difference as 2*m, but couldn't be able to find a test case, on paper how to keep the difference as 2*m. Thanks for your guide to approaches!
B: https://codeforces.me/contest/1838/submission/208557862
C: https://codeforces.me/contest/1838/submission/208560763
Bonus:
short solution to A (for fun): https://codeforces.me/contest/1838/submission/208557142
short solution to C (for fun): https://codeforces.me/contest/1838/submission/208565313
My solution for 1838D - Bracket Walk:
Observation behind the approach
Any even length sequence of the form
((...))
is always walkable because the beginning and closing consecutive brackets can always be retraced to make up a valid bracket sequence, no matter the content inside. Also this is the only format of incorrect bracket sequence which gives correct path on a walk. So we can take the largest possible string of this type and just check for the correctness of the prefix and suffix bracket sequence.Also, the prefix and suffix string should be exactly of the form k*
()
for k>=0. Otherwise some consecutive brackets will occur which can't be corrected in a walk because consecutive brackets of opposing type won't cover for them.Implementation:
Maintain two sets
l
andr
storing indices of consecutive opening((
and closing))
brackets. Also maintain a data structure (segment tree
) over the an array having+1 for (
and-1 for )
. For every query, check thei-1
andi+1
index for indexi
being updated and update the sets l and r and sum-tree accordingly. To find the answer for each query:NO
as mentioned in solution.0:n-1
) for correct bracket sequence. AnswerYES
orNO
accordingly.NO
.((
occurs -sayx
(first element of l) and the last index where))
occurs -sayy
(last element of r):x>y
answerNO
.0:x-1
andy+2:n-1
are correct bracket sequences, then answerYES
, elseNO
.To check the correctness of bracket sequence
i:j
, following conditions need to be checked:sum[i:j]==0
andi==1
using sum-tree inO(logn)
i:j
, checking first and last elements suffice inO(logn)
Time Complexity
O((n+q)logn)
Here's my solution using this approach, although I wasn't fast enough to implement during contest time: 208516428
I got the exact same idea while solving D, I also knew we should use a segment-tree to implement it, but I have never implemented a segment-tree before, just know the concept. I should start learning these advanced concepts soon.
I don't think you need segment trees necessarily for this problem atleast: Here check this out : https://codeforces.me/blog/entry/116995#comment-1034970
Yup, don't need segment tree, checking starting character
(
and even length should be enough, sum will automatically be 0 for even sequence having no consecutive similar brackets. Then starting character will decide correct bracket sequence.Hey .. Can someone suggest me a video to understand D , having a hard time warping my head around it
I would suggest first try to solve few regular bracket sequence related easy problems. That will build your logic, then try to solve this problem.
Editorial's solution as well as solution proposed by Spartanlord are good ones. I am sure u will be able to understand one of these solution once u build some logic.
way to go ...
https://leetcode.com/problems/longest-valid-parentheses/
https://leetcode.com/problems/generate-parentheses/
Hi, is there to way to download the test data for problem C? Pretty sure the code should work for all inputs but it keeps finding an error, I often make some stupid mistake in code but already removed 3 problems from it and can't find another.
The problem is that your code (in some cases) swaps rows and columns. For example on test
The code should output a grid with $$$4$$$ rows and $$$5$$$ columns, but your code outputs the following:
Since the checker doesn't care about whitespaces (spaces, linebreaks etc.) but it is expecting $$$5$$$ integers per line, your output gets interpreted as
which is obivously wrong.
Thank you so much! Would have probably lost many more hours on this without your help.
Originally thought that the checker checked for both cases and when I tried to change it so it worked for it just in case I absolutely forgot about the first part of my code that goes on if n is composite.
during contest:
WTF is this, I hate this contest.
After reading editorials :
what a beautiful problems. How much more stupid I can be !!!
For me, this contest was a reality check of how stupid I am.
can someone explain solution for c
what part of editorial solution you don't understand ?
in D, what is the point to go back and forth in the bracket sequence? why it will not be a valid walk otherwise? Can't I walk directly from 1 to n if it is a regular bracket sequence?
suppose you have
(())))))))))
in order to do valid walk, u must have equal number of
(
and)
in the final regular bracket sequence.To fulfill the requirement of
(
, we must do back and forth at index1
and2
, so that we can generate enough number of(
.hope this makes sense.
ohh! didn't see that perspective! thanks!!
I feel so stupid right now, I got C solution but did not implement it because I was fixed on the fact that 1 is not composite and forgot that it is not prime either.
Yet again, so close to D. I knew it had something to do with two consecutive brackets but my mind went to prefix sums and segtrees to count the balance and I ended up ditching it
When solving E, got weird answers on the samples, after 20 mins of debugging, found that I forgot to read the input array...
Alternative solution for B: We only need to consider 1 and 2 as we want 1 and 2 far as possible. Because of that, there are at most 4 cases regarding choosing element 1 or 2 and swapping it with the element in position 1 and n.
My logic for 877D Problem D ( no segtree and all):
Basically, just maintain two sets left and right so that left stores the indices i at which we have i & i+1 consecutive opening brackets. Similarly, right stores indices i s.t. i & i+1 both are consecutive closing brackets. Now, I claim that we just need these two sets to see if our string is walkable or not.
Note that, updating these two sets after each query is simple. Since you just check the query index, the index before that and index after that and corresponding add or remove from both left and right sets.
For final answer at each query, just see if the lowest value in left set is smaller than the lowest value in right set, and similarly, the highest value in left set is also smaller than highest value in the right set. After all these checks are done, we can't simply say 'YES' as there can be strings starting with ) and ending with (, so just check for these two positions in the string and output YES and NO accordingly.
Here is the working run on input test case (most of it atleast ^_^):
String : (())()())) left: {1} right: {3,8,9} "YES"
switch position 9 String : (())()()() left: {1} right: {3} "YES"
switch position 7 String : (())()))() left: {1} right: {3,6,7} "YES"
switch position 2 String : ()))()))() left: {} right: {2,3,6,7} "NO"
switch position 6 String : ()))(())() left: {5} right: {2,3,7} "NO"
switch position 3 String : ()()(())() left: {5} right: {7} "YES"
switch position 6 String : ()()()))() left: {} right: {6,7} "NO"
switch position 7 String : ()()()()() left: {} right: {} "YES"
Here is my submission: 208584903
E's solution is so elegant!
C D E all three are so elegant in my opinion...
we want one more contest from jdurie <3
I wonder what is the editor's solution for problem A to check ALL possible correct answers? Also, "If there are multiple solutions, print any of them" statement is not entirely clear. It could mean that you accept either of two numbers. But since editorial mentions that for 9 2 7 both 2 and 7 are correct answers (in addition to 9) that means that you accept all possible starting numbers, not only those actually used for the generation.
So you can't simply generate some sequence from 2 numbers and then only accept them. You need to accept all possible initital combinations. And in case of hacks, you even don't know how the hack was generated (but you need to check that this is correct sequence anyway).
So the editor's solution should include some algo to generate all possible initial states. Is that's why $$$n \le 100$$$ ? So for each initial pair of numbers you can greadily grow the set of all numbers ($$$O(n^4)$$$) or so?
This is just sad. Wait, no, not just sad. Sad and enraging.
Did someone else also found problem D ("Bracket walk") a little confusing. I can't even wrap my head around the editorial as well!
Solution for Problem A (I recommend watching it in 1.5X speed)
Codeforces Round 877 Solution A Blackboard List
I solve F in a constant number of queries
Firstly we do this queries (i mean n=10 here)
? 1 1
. >>>>>>>>>v
. <<<<<<<<<v
. v<<<<<<<<<
. v>>>>>>>>>
. >>>>>>>>>v
. <<<<<<<<<v
. v<<<<<<<<<
. v>>>>>>>>>
. >>>>>>>>>v
. <<<<<<<<<v
(. is not a belt...)
(and 7 similar queries for the different parity of n and different orientation of the table) (it is like a snake but with row/columns skips)
After this queries we should know three rows where the hidden belt is placed if its direction is ^ or v and three columns if its direction is < or > . (Or something like this)
And in one row we can check all the ^ or v directions of the belts by this pattern
? 2 1
^^^^^^^^^^
vvvvvvvvvv
vvvvvvvvvv
vvvvvvvvvv
vvvvvvvvvv
vvvvvvvvvv
vvvvvvvvvv
vvvvvvvvvv
vvvvvvvvvv
(i mean this is for the second row).
So we will do the constant number of queries
https://codeforces.me/contest/1838/submission/209006788
I solved E with an overkill solution that is worth mentioning using generating functions:
I arrived at the DP solution where (if we let $$$f(i, j)$$$ be the number of arrays of length $$$j$$$, such that the subarray of length $$$i$$$ in $$$a$$$ appears in it), then we get
and note that $f(n, m)$ is our answer.
Now, if we let $$$B_i(x) = \sum_{j \ge 0} f(i, j)x^j$$$, we can multiply the last equation by $$$x^j$$$ and sum for $$$j \ge 1$$$, and then we get
then we get
this means
And note that since we want $f(n, m)$, we just want the coefficient of $$$x^m$$$ in $$$B_n(x)$$$.
Now, note that by the generalized binomial theorem, we know
and so
and
and so (using the definition of power series multiplication, check this)
so let $h = m - n$, the answer to our problem is just
(be aware that this solution assumes $$$0^0 = 1$$$, so when $$$k = 1$$$, $$$(k - 1)^i$$$ shall produce $$$1$$$ at $$$i = 0$$$).
Let $$$d = (k - 1)/k$$$, and note that our summation is now
so we are only interested in finding the summation and disregard the $k^h$ for now.
Note that $$$\binom{n - 1}{n - 1} \cdot d^0 = [x^{n - 1}](x + d)^{n - 1}$$$, and $$$\binom{n}{n - 1} \cdot d^{1} = [x^{n - 1}](x + d)^{n}$$$, in general, the required sum is
but since there is no term with $x^{n - 1}$ in $$$(x + d)^i$$$ for $$$i < n - 1$$$, we that the above is the same as
or by the geometric series formula
now if we ignore the -1 in the denominator for a moment, we note that since
then the required coefficient is
which is finally a summation up to $n - 1$ which is computable in the given time limit!
We just have to be careful that when $$$i$$$ hits $$$n - 1$$$, we have to take care of the -1 in the numerator that we just ignored, because the constant term in $$$(x + d)^m - 1$$$ is $$$d^m - 1$$$ not $$$d^m$$$, and now we can just tweak this summation a bit:
is the same summation but going backwards, and multiplied by the $$$k^h$$$ or $$$k^{m - n}$$$ that we disregarded above, but we just note that we can compute all $$$\binom{m}{i}$$$ the same way we did in the editorial. Here is my submission.
P.S. I know, again, it is a very overkill solution, but I hope whoever read it all learned something from it :D
Very impressive, I was stuck at the summation which is the same as yours:
$$$S=\sum_{r=n}^m a^r \binom{r}{n}$$$
Thank you for sharing!
Thanks! I hope it helped!
I also got stuck in this summation for a while, and I felt like finding the coefficient of $$$x^{n - 1}$$$ wouldn't help and would just give the same thing, but it turns out it changes the boundaries of the summation to make it computable!
I think that 2500 rated. E problem is almost same as atcoder abc 171 F-Strivore and if you look at its editorial you get another elegant way to think about the problem
I think the difference is in the constraint on $$$K$$$ in atcoder ABC 171 F-Strivore. In my solution above, I was able to stop at this summation
in the atcoder problem.
The editorial for $$$E$$$ came up with such a nice expression. For comparison's sake, here's the form I came up with:
(by the way, to make things simpler here, I decremented $$$k$$$ at the start)
It gets AC thankfully: 211182571
What a good E! The ignorance of the array $$$a$$$ is amazing!