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How to solve this problem ?
By papa-ka-para, history, 19 months ago, In English

we are given 4 integers, where a <= b , c <= d.

We have to find Sum of Xor of all the pairs (i,j) such that ( a <= i <= b , && c <= j <= d )


int sum = 0;

for(int i=a ; i <= b; i++) {
    for(int j = c; j <= d ; j++) {
         sum += (i ^ j)
    }
}
return sum;

How to find this sum optimally ?

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19 months ago, # |
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For each x calculate the effect of 2^x on the answer.

The problem then becomes 32 "at position i, calculate how many zeros are in a certain interval". After getting the number of 1's and 0's just multiply them together. Then add up all the answers and you're done.

Implementation code
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