A. XORwice
time limit per test
1 second
memory limit per test
256 megabytes
input
standard input
output
standard output

In order to celebrate Twice's 5th anniversary, Tzuyu and Sana decided to play a game.

Tzuyu gave Sana two integers $$$a$$$ and $$$b$$$ and a really important quest.

In order to complete the quest, Sana has to output the smallest possible value of ($$$a \oplus x$$$) + ($$$b \oplus x$$$) for any given $$$x$$$, where $$$\oplus$$$ denotes the bitwise XOR operation.

Input

Each test contains multiple test cases. The first line contains the number of test cases $$$t$$$ ($$$1 \le t \le 10^{4}$$$). Description of the test cases follows.

The only line of each test case contains two integers $$$a$$$ and $$$b$$$ ($$$1 \le a, b \le 10^{9}$$$).

Output

For each testcase, output the smallest possible value of the given expression.

Example
Input
6
6 12
4 9
59 832
28 14
4925 2912
1 1
Output
10
13
891
18
6237
0
Note

For the first test case Sana can choose $$$x=4$$$ and the value will be ($$$6 \oplus 4$$$) + ($$$12 \oplus 4$$$) = $$$2 + 8$$$ = $$$10$$$. It can be shown that this is the smallest possible value.