| The 2024 ICPC Latin America Championship |
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| Закончено |
Since the early civilizations, humankind has enjoyed games of chance. Even the ingenious Greeks, known for their groundbreaking concept of the least common multiple (LCM), couldn't resist a good gamble.
Inspired by this mathematical marvel, folks in Athens devised a unique betting system: after purchasing a ticket, a participant would receive a random number of coins. To determine this number, there are $$$N \ge 3$$$ ordered slots numbered from $$$1$$$ to $$$N$$$. A token is initially placed at slot $$$1$$$, and the following steps are repeated:
As it is well known, the house always wins: the casino employs a particular probability distribution for generating random integers, so as to ensure a profitable outcome.
The casino owner is constantly seeking to optimize the betting system's profitability. You, an AI designed to aid in such tasks, are given $$$N$$$ and the probability distribution. Determine the expected total number of coins awarded to a participant.
The first line contains an integer $$$N$$$ ($$$3 \leq N \leq 10^5$$$) indicating the number of slots.
The second line contains $$$N$$$ integers $$${W_1}, {W_2}, \ldots, {W_N}$$$ ($$$1 \leq W_i \leq 1000$$$ for $$${i}={1}, {2}, \ldots, {N}$$$), representing that the probability of generating $$$i$$$ is $$$W_i / \left(\sum_j W_j \right)$$$, that is, the probability of generating $$$i$$$ is the relative weight of $$$W_i$$$ with respect to the sum of the whole list $$${W_1}, {W_2}, \ldots, {W_N}$$$.
Output a single line with the expected total number of coins awarded to a participant. The output must have an absolute or relative error of at most $$$10^{-9}$$$. It can be proven that the procedure described in the statement ends within a finite number of iterations with probability $$$1$$$, and that the expected total number of coins is indeed finite.
3 1 1 1
3.5000000000
3 1 1 2
3.6666666667
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