Valera the horse lives on a plane. The Cartesian coordinate system is defined on this plane. Also an infinite spiral is painted on the plane. The spiral consists of segments: [(0, 0), (1, 0)], [(1, 0), (1, 1)], [(1, 1), ( - 1, 1)], [( - 1, 1), ( - 1, - 1)], [( - 1, - 1), (2, - 1)], [(2, - 1), (2, 2)] and so on. Thus, this infinite spiral passes through each integer point of the plane.
Valera the horse lives on the plane at coordinates (0, 0). He wants to walk along the spiral to point (x, y). Valera the horse has four legs, so he finds turning very difficult. Count how many times he will have to turn if he goes along a spiral from point (0, 0) to point (x, y).
The first line contains two space-separated integers x and y (|x|, |y| ≤ 100).
Print a single integer, showing how many times Valera has to turn.
0 0
0
1 0
0
0 1
2
-1 -1
3
When Valera has got some free time, he goes to the library to read some books. Today he's got t free minutes to read. That's why Valera took n books in the library and for each book he estimated the time he is going to need to read it. Let's number the books by integers from 1 to n. Valera needs ai minutes to read the i-th book.
Valera decided to choose an arbitrary book with number i and read the books one by one, starting from this book. In other words, he will first read book number i, then book number i + 1, then book number i + 2 and so on. He continues the process until he either runs out of the free time or finishes reading the n-th book. Valera reads each book up to the end, that is, he doesn't start reading the book if he doesn't have enough free time to finish reading it.
Print the maximum number of books Valera can read.
The first line contains two integers n and t (1 ≤ n ≤ 105; 1 ≤ t ≤ 109) — the number of books and the number of free minutes Valera's got. The second line contains a sequence of n integers a1, a2, ..., an (1 ≤ ai ≤ 104), where number ai shows the number of minutes that the boy needs to read the i-th book.
Print a single integer — the maximum number of books Valera can read.
4 5
3 1 2 1
3
3 3
2 2 3
1
You've got an array, consisting of n integers a1, a2, ..., an. Also, you've got m queries, the i-th query is described by two integers li, ri. Numbers li, ri define a subsegment of the original array, that is, the sequence of numbers ali, ali + 1, ali + 2, ..., ari. For each query you should check whether the corresponding segment is a ladder.
A ladder is a sequence of integers b1, b2, ..., bk, such that it first doesn't decrease, then doesn't increase. In other words, there is such integer x (1 ≤ x ≤ k), that the following inequation fulfills: b1 ≤ b2 ≤ ... ≤ bx ≥ bx + 1 ≥ bx + 2... ≥ bk. Note that the non-decreasing and the non-increasing sequences are also considered ladders.
The first line contains two integers n and m (1 ≤ n, m ≤ 105) — the number of array elements and the number of queries. The second line contains the sequence of integers a1, a2, ..., an (1 ≤ ai ≤ 109), where number ai stands for the i-th array element.
The following m lines contain the description of the queries. The i-th line contains the description of the i-th query, consisting of two integers li, ri (1 ≤ li ≤ ri ≤ n) — the boundaries of the subsegment of the initial array.
The numbers in the lines are separated by single spaces.
Print m lines, in the i-th line print word "Yes" (without the quotes), if the subsegment that corresponds to the i-th query is the ladder, or word "No" (without the quotes) otherwise.
8 6
1 2 1 3 3 5 2 1
1 3
2 3
2 4
8 8
1 4
5 8
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
You've got a positive integer sequence a1, a2, ..., an. All numbers in the sequence are distinct. Let's fix the set of variables b1, b2, ..., bm. Initially each variable bi (1 ≤ i ≤ m) contains the value of zero. Consider the following sequence, consisting of n operations.
The first operation is assigning the value of a1 to some variable bx (1 ≤ x ≤ m). Each of the following n - 1 operations is assigning to some variable by the value that is equal to the sum of values that are stored in the variables bi and bj (1 ≤ i, j, y ≤ m). At that, the value that is assigned on the t-th operation, must equal at. For each operation numbers y, i, j are chosen anew.
Your task is to find the minimum number of variables m, such that those variables can help you perform the described sequence of operations.
The first line contains integer n (1 ≤ n ≤ 23). The second line contains n space-separated integers a1, a2, ..., an (1 ≤ ak ≤ 109).
It is guaranteed that all numbers in the sequence are distinct.
In a single line print a single number — the minimum number of variables m, such that those variables can help you perform the described sequence of operations.
If you cannot perform the sequence of operations at any m, print -1.
5
1 2 3 6 8
2
3
3 6 5
-1
6
2 4 8 6 10 18
3
In the first sample, you can use two variables b1 and b2 to perform the following sequence of operations.
- b1 := 1;
- b2 := b1 + b1;
- b1 := b1 + b2;
- b1 := b1 + b1;
- b1 := b1 + b2.
Valera considers a number beautiful, if it equals 2k or -2k for some integer k (k ≥ 0). Recently, the math teacher asked Valera to represent number n as the sum of beautiful numbers. As Valera is really greedy, he wants to complete the task using as few beautiful numbers as possible.
Help Valera and find, how many numbers he is going to need. In other words, if you look at all decompositions of the number n into beautiful summands, you need to find the size of the decomposition which has the fewest summands.
The first line contains string s (1 ≤ |s| ≤ 106), that is the binary representation of number n without leading zeroes (n > 0).
Print a single integer — the minimum amount of beautiful numbers that give a total of n.
10
1
111
2
1101101
4
In the first sample n = 2 is a beautiful number.
In the second sample n = 7 and Valera can decompose it into sum 23 + ( - 20).
In the third sample n = 109 can be decomposed into the sum of four summands as follows: 27 + ( - 24) + ( - 22) + 20.